CHAPTER XX.

Position and Description - Coal - Early Settlements - Sketch of Jamestown - In the Civil War - Capt. Spickard's Encounter with Joe Kirk - Pleasant Grove Church - City of Chillicothe - Laying Out of the Town - First and Second Sales of Lots - Appointed the County Seat - Incorporations - John Graves, The Founder of Chillicothe - First Newspaper in the County - Directory of 1855 - The "Thespians" - Hannibal and St. Joseph Railroad - Seminary - During the Civil War - Condition of Chillicothe Since the War - The Sisters' Academy - Churches - Lodges - Biographical.

Chillicothe township is very irregular in form, comprising portions of three Congressional townships in two ranges, and in shape is something like the letter L. It is composed of the parts of township 57, range 23, and township 57, range 24, which lie north of Grand river, and of that part of township 58, range 24, lying east of the East fork of Grand river. The latter stream, or Grand river proper, forms its western and southern boundary, and in its windings and meanderings flows for about 30 miles around the township.

All kinds of land are to be found in the township. Along Grand river are bottom and swampy tracts, the haunts of bull frogs and turtles, and the resort of waterfowl. On the uplands are fine farms and magnificent manor lands, the abodes of comfort and even luxury.

In the northern part of the township (sec. 12-58-24), on the lands of Abel and Isom Cox, the vein of coal underlying this township has been opened, and is worked to some extent. It is of most excellent quality, containing no sulphuret of iron, or any other deleterious substances. The blacksmiths and iron workers of Chillicothe use this coal, and prefer it for their purposes to any other they can procure.

In 1870 J. T. Johnson & Co. sunk a shaft, 298 feet in depth, a little south and east of Chillicothe in a search for coal. At a depth of 155 feet from the surface a six-inch vein was passed, but this was the only stratum found. With the location of the St. Paul Railroad projects are broached to make search for coal in other parts of the township. There is but little room for doubting that it will be found in paying quantities at a reasonable depth from the surface. It is quite probable that the Caldwell county formation will be struck at no great depth, or the Linn county beds reached lower down.

Joseph Cox was the first settler in what is now Chillicothe township, on section 12-58-24, in 1833. As noted elsewhere, it was at his house where the first courts were held in the county. Wm. Linville came in 1834 to section 11. Brannock Wilkerson and Caleb A. Gibbons were very early settlers in this quarter. Elisha Hereford settled on Grand river, South of Chillicothe, near the site of Hereford's ferry in 1834; the previous year he had located on Medicine creek, eight miles east of Chillicothe. Brannock Wilkerson put up a horse mill, which Mr. Boyd's Atlas sketch says was the first in the county, but this is a mistake; Saml. E. Todd's was the first horse mill, antedating Wilkerson's by a year or two.

The land in the northern part of Chillicothe township was not opened to entry until 1839; that in the lower part, in ranges 28 and 24, township 57, was put in market in 1835. Consequently the first settlers, who lived in the northern portion, entered their lands two or three years after later comers, who selected claims in the southern portion.

Herewith is given a record of the first entries in the township, made prior to the year 1840, by persons who were actual residents of the county and in most instances actual residents on the tracts which they entered: -

 

Name.	Description.	Date.
Geo. Shriver, Sr.	e. 1/2 sec. 1 and nw. 1/4 sec. 2	Nov. 14, 1839
J. B. Shriver	w. 1/2 sw. sec. 3, and e. 1/2 se. sec. 4	Oct. 26, 1839 .
Wm. Moberly	w. 1/2 sw. and ne. sw. sec. 4	June 27, 1837
Elizabeth Munro	w. 1/2 ne. sec. 5	Oct. 22, 1838
Joseph Wolfskill	e. 1/2 se. sec. 5, April 2, 1836; se. sw. sec. 4	May 17, 1838
Drury Moberly	w. 1/2 sw. sec. 5	June 1, 1839
James Moberly	e. 1/2 ne. sec. 6	July 18, 1837
Wm. Yancey	nw. 1/4 sec. 7	Oct,. 25, 1836
Isaac N. Ryan	w. 1/2 sw. sec. 8, ne. se. and sw. se. sec. 7, Sept. 5, 1836; e. 1/2 sw. sec. 7	Aug. 8, 1837
John Ryan	nw. se. sec. 7	Feb. 17, 1836
Bartlett Collins	e. 1/2 ne. sec. 7	Sept. 5, 1836
David Curtis	ne. nw. sec. 8	Sept. 17, 1836
David Carlyle	ne. sw. sec. 12	June 3, 1839
Elisha Hereford	e. 1/2 se. sec. 17, July 14, 1835; e. 1/2 ne. and w. 1/2 se. sec. 17, Sept. 5, 1836; nw. 1/4 sec. 21, Aug. 4, 1835; ne. sec. 12	Aug. 16, 1837
John Graves	w. 1/2 se. and e. 1/2 sw. sec. 25	March 27, 1837

 

Name.	Description.	Date.
John Ryan	e. 1/2 se. sec. 1, Sept. 5, 1836; e. 1/2 ne. sec. 12, Aug. 10, 1836; w. 1/2 se. sec. 1	March 7, 1837
Jno. Graves and Caleb S. Stone (the latter of Boone county)	nw. 1/4 sec. 1, e. 1/2 ne. sec. 2	July 17, 1837
Asel F. Ball	ne. se. sec. 2	May 12, 1838
Matson and Van Zandt	e. 1/2 se. sec. 9	Oct. 6, 1836

 

Name.	Description.	Date.
Brannock Wilkerson.	s. 1/2 nw. and w. 1/2 sw. sec. 1	Sept. 10, 1839
Jesse Newlan	ne. 1/4 sec. 2	Nov. 27, 1839
Wm. Linville	se. 1/4 sec. 11	Nov. 23, 1839
Joseph Cox	w. 1/2 ne. and w. 1/2 se. sec. 12	Sept. 10, 1839
Caleb A. Gibbons	w. 1/2 ne. sec. 24	Nov. 23, 1839

On the 12th of August, 1836, three speculators, David S. Lamme, Caleb S. Stone and David M. Hickman, residents of Boone county, entered 160 acres of land on the north side of Grand river (sw. 1/4 sec. 21-57-23), about four miles southeast of Chillicothe. On the 24th of November following they laid out a town on about 25 acres of this tract, which they called Jamestown, but which was afterward well known as "Jimtown." This was before the organization of Livingston, and the plat is on file in the recorder's office of Carroll county.

The founders of "Jimtown" contemplated that upon the organization of the county their town would be selected as the county seat. It was centrally located, was a river town and had every convenience for shipping when steamboat navigation should begin. Its advantages were of some importance; but John Graves was an antagonist difficult to cope with when he was considerably interested, and in the end the county seat was placed where he wanted it.

A few lots were sold in Jamestown, and a store-house built at an early day. But with the upbuilding of Chillicothe its prospects were blasted. From time to time, however, even until the present, or recently, there have been brief seasons when it seemed that the town was performing that feat which is commonly described as "taking a start," when a few houses would be built and occupied, a ferry established, or some other improvement effected; but in time "Jimtown" settled back to something like its normal or primitive condition. It will always nevertheless possess the distinction of the first regularly laid out town in what is now Livingston county, but what was then northern Carroll county.

Chillicothe township was originally called Medicine Creek, and bore the latter name until in February, 1839. When first reorganized, and for many years, it comprised all the territory within the present boundaries of the county lying east of Grand river above the mouth of Parson's creek. Cream Ridge, Wheeling, Medicine and Rich Hill townships have all been formed out of the territory which originally composed Chillicothe.

In the fall of 1861 a number of Confederate partisans from Jackson township, led by Lewis Best, John Blackburn and Jim Rider, gathered near Graham's mill for the purpose of attacking and capturing Chillicothe, then held by a small Federal detachment, which was posted in a house surrounded by a breastwork in the southern part of town. A courier had brought the news of the defenseless condition of the place to Spring Hill, and a spy was sent back to thoroughly examine the situation. At the mill he returned with the information that the place could be captured, but that in doing so somebody would be killed; and that the Federal fortification could not be taken without the loss of a dozen men. The enterprise was abandoned instanter.

On another page (see chapter VII.) an account is given of the dispersion of a force of rebels under Joe Kirk by Col. Shanklin's militia. As there are some errors in this account it is deemed proper to correct them here; for since the account referred to has been put in type statements have been received from Capt. George Spickard, who commanded the militia, and from other parties conversant with the facts.

Capt. Spickard says that while in camp at Chillicothe, August 22, 1862, he received orders from Col. Shanklin to parade all the mounted men of his company he could find and report at his headquarters, the Ballew House. The other companies were absent on scouting expeditions. "I soon met the Colonel," says Capt. Spickard, "and he said he had been informed that there was a party of bushwhackers up the Trenton road two or three miles, and be ordered me to go in pursuit at once. I started off at a gallop, but when out of town halted and ordered my men to take the bayonets off their muskets; here I found that half of my company had been taken back by the Colonel to town. I then went on to the place designated."

Of the subsequent details of the incident Capt. Spickard says: -

Halting and putting out pickets we soon discovered men off to our left in the bush, crossing back and forth over a dim road. Going to this point we found where they had been feeding their horses. We struck their trail, but they soon commenced scattering; this bothered us a little, but we pursued at a double-quick, and just as we struck the bottom prairie we came in sight of them; they struck angling up the bottom some two miles and into the river timber; we fired a few shots at them at long range.

We soon struck the river where they went down the bank and found they had turned down the river about 200 yards. I swung my men around to the left and came up to the river in a thick bunch of willows opposite where they were crossing. There was a hole of water there fully ten feet deep. The first to cross got up the west bank very well, but the track soon got wet and slippery with the water that fell from the dripping horses, and the horses of those that followed would slip and slide back into the water. I saw some men slip over their horses' heads and climb the bank and then take to their heels.

Here we got some property. My book shows that we captured among other articles seven head of horses (some belonging to Union men), three saddles, a pair of holster pistols and a government coat. In the pockets of the latter was a list of names of men belonging to Kirk's company. The next day another party went out with an expert diver and got a number of guns and pistols and some clothing, quilts and shawls. One dead horse with the saddle still on was found hanging to a snag in under water. It was reported that one or two men were either killed by my men or drowned, and I believe this is true. I think one body was taken out of the river and identified. Five of the rebels crossed lower down, and these had Conklin's gun: my book shows that this gun was recaptured by Gen. Blunt's forces, at Cane Hill, Ark., in January, 1863. It was a six-shooter rifle.

After the "scrimmage" was over, it was about sundown. I started for the camp, and when I got out on the prairie bottom I drew my men up in line and counted them; they numbered exactly 32, all belonging to Co. C, 30th E. M. M., except one man from Co. B, same regiment. Kirk's roll that we found showed that he had 36, but they were badly scattered, and were not all at the crossing where we were. I did not have a man hurt by the rebels. One man was accidentally scratched by the bayonet of a comrade - a small scalp wound.

This church is located four miles southeast of Chillicothe and was built in 1870; it is a frame. The cost of the building was $1,200. The church was organized the same year. Joseph Wolfskill, B. Mumpower, Lucius Gilbert, David Mumpower, John W. Carr, John Cleveland, W. Keisler, M. L. Lyon, N. Thompson and Elmore Carlyle were among the first members. Rev. Carney was the first minister to the church. Rev. Gregory has since been pastor. The church has a membership of 100. B. Mumpower is superintendent of the Sabbath-school. The membership of the school is 50.

On the 7th of August, 1837, the county court, then in session at Joseph Cox's, took the first steps toward laying out and establishing the town of Chillicothe. On this day John Graves was appointed to "lay off into lots the county seat, where the commissioners appointed by the State Legislature shall locate it." It was also ordered that the county seat "shall be denominated and known by the name of Chilicothe." In the order the name was spelled with one l, but Mr. Pearl, the deputy county clerk who wrote the records, was not an expert at spelling. The town was named for Chillicothe, O., the county seat of Ross county.

Chillicothe, O. - or as it was originally spelled Chil-li-co-a-thee - was laid out in 1796, and named for an old Shawnee Indian town in the vicinity. The name is Shawnee, and signifies the big town where we live, or our big home. It seems that the Shawnees, or some of them, had a little town and a big town, and the latter was called Chillicoathee. This town existed as early as 1774. 1

1 For this information the writer is indebted to Col. William R. Gilmore, of Chillicothe, O., who for a few years after the war resided at Springfield, Greene county, in this State.

John Graves was appointed trustee for the county to lay off and sell the lots in the new town, which was ordered to be surveyed into 20 blocks before September 4, 1837; but on that day Graves resigned, and Nathan H. Gregory was appointed commissioner and trustee in his stead, giving a bond of $5,000. The work of surveying and platting was done by Mr. Gregory himself, as he was a practical surveyor.

The first sale of lots came off October 16 and 17, 1837. Previous notice had been given by posting five written notices in different portions of the country and by advertisements inserted three times in the Missouri Republican, of St. Louis, and the Boone's Lick Democrat, of Franklin, Howard county.1 Every third lot in each block was sold, except in the block reserved for the public square. The amount of all the sales was $1,082.62 1/2, on six, twelve and eighteen months' credit.

1 The Republican's bill for the advertising was $16.50; the Democrat's $17.

The second sale of lots came off May 4 and 5, 1838, when the aggregate sales amounted to $1,807. The expenses of the town up to this time, exclusive of advertising, had been $41.25, as follows: -

 

N. H. Gregory, to 4 days' work in surveying town, at $3	$12 00
N. H. Gregory, to drawing plat of town	3 00
Caleb Gibson, to delivering 620 stakes	5 00
Caleb Gibson, to 8 days' labor, at $1.25	10 00
Wm. Z. Pearl, to 4 days' labor, at $1:25	5 00
Martin Wilkinson, to 3 days' labor, at $1.25	3 75
Abel Cox, to 2 days' labor, at $1.25	2 50
Total	$41 25

Commissioner Gregory was at this time ordered to enter the land, the quarter section, on which the town was situated, but did not do so; and notwithstanding lots were sold and titles made by the county from October, 1837, the town site belonged to the United States and was not entered until August, 1839, when it was entered by Wm. E. Pearl, county seat commissioner.

In June, 1838, the county ordered a public well dug within ten feet of the southwest corner of the public square. Austin B. Prouty did the digging and Walter Wilson superintended the job. Plenty of water was struck at a depth of ninety feet.

Not until July 15, 1839, was Chillicothe selected and designated as the county seat of Livingston county, although it had been virtually the county's capital for some time. On the day named, however, the commissioners, who were E. W. Warren, Samuel Williams and Geo. W. Folger, all of Carroll county, selected the southwest quarter of section 36, township 58, range 24, as the county seat, as being "the most eligible location for said county seat," and its site according with the provisions of the organizing act, in lying "within three miles of the center of said county."

Chillicothe was first incorporated by the county court August 13, 1851, on petition of two-thirds of the inhabitants. The corporation comprised the southwest quarter of section 36 (58 - 24), which, says the record, in Mr. Pearl's orthography, "is heareby Declaired a boddy Polatic and corporate." It must be presumed that the incorporation was as a town, although the record is silent on this point. The first board of trustees was composed of W. Y. Slack, John H. T. Green, John Graves, J. H. B. Manning and W. C. Samuel.

The next incorporation was by act of the Legislature, approved March 1, 1855, which made the town a city.

The last incorporation was by the Legislature, February 26, 1869, declaring the original charter and all subsequent amendatory acts thereto amended. The town was constituted a corporation by the name and style of "the City of Chillicothe." The municipal government is vested in a mayor, one councilman at large and one councilman from each ward in the city. The metes and bounds of the city were declared to be as follows: -

All that district of country in Livingston county and State of Missouri contained in the following limits, to wit: Beginning 872 feet north of the southeast corner of the southeast one-fourth of the northeast one-fourth of section 36, township 58, range 24, in the range line dividing ranges 23 and 24; thence south along said range line to the southeast corner of the northeast quarter of section 1, township 57, range 24; thence west along the quarter section line to the southwest corner of the southeast quarter of the northeast quarter of section 2, township 57, range 24; thence north to a point 872 feet north of the southwest corner of the southeast quarter of the northeast quarter of section 35, township 58, range 24; thence east to the place of beginning.

Until 1851 the town was not incorporated. It was merely a part of Chillicothe township, and did not differ materially from a thick settlement. There was no municipal government, no authority to compel the care of streets, the building of sidewalks and street crossings, the enforcement of sanitary measures, etc.; and so there were but few, if any, sidewalks, save in front of some of the stores on the public square; people waded to and fro in the mud, threw filth and slops into the street, and lived a life of liberty, if not of comfort.

There were no churches and no regular religious services. A private school was in existence, but was not largely patronized. Grand River College, at Edinburg, Grundy county, presided over by Rev. I. B. Allen, received a liberal patronage from this county. The business directory of the town in 1851 was made up as follows: Attorneys, W. Y. Slack, Henry Slack, W. C. Samuel; physician, Dr. J. H. Ellis; hotel, by John Graves; one newspaper, the North Grand River Chronicle, by James H. Darlington; a carding machine, by Joseph Miller; two blacksmith shops, by Elijah Hill and Joel Bargdoll, besides two or three general stores.

John Graves, the landlord referred to, is called, and perhaps justly so, the founder of Chillicothe. At least he was closely identified with its origin and growth, and with its general interests. He was a man of much public spirit, but it is said of him that he was really not a first-class landlord. Yet this opinion was not frequently expressed in his presence, for he would not tolerate it. On one occasion a guest found fault with the bill of fare because it was composed of fat bacon swimming in its own grease, corn-pone bread, potatoes in their jackets, and black coffee. Mr. Graves caught the fault-finder by the collar, lifted him out of his seat, led him to the door, and kicked him off the porch, explaining his conduct to the bystanders as follows: "The d----d skunk insulted my boarders and I won't stand it. My boarders eat my fare and like it, and when a man makes fun of my grub it's the same as saying they haven't sense enough to know good grub from bad. I am bound to protect my boarders!"

In the summer of 1851 Mr. Graves determined to dispose of his hotel, or "tavern," and under the heading, "Valuable Tavern Property for Sale," placed the following advertisement in the Grand River Chronicle: -

The undersigned, wishing to turn his attention exclusively to farming, offers for sale his tavern house in Chillicothe. The building is a substantial two-story frame, having three rooms on the first floor and four on the second. The dining-room, on the first floor, extends the whole length of the building. Attached to the main building is a family room, and two comfortable kitchens, with a fire-place in each also, two good wells in the yard, smoke-house and dairy. It is situated on the southwest corner, opposite the public square, and the ground attached embraces five lots, all of which is admirably situated for out-buildings and cultivation. Terms, one-third cash; balance in one, two and three years, and immediate possession given.

John Graves.

The first paper in the county, the Grand River Chronicle, was started at Chillicothe in June, 1843, by James H. Darlington. It was a four-page paper, with five wide columns to the page, 22x32 inches in size. Its terms of subscription were "$2 per volume of 52 numbers, payable on receipt of the first number, or $2.50 if payment be deferred till after the expiration of the year." The advertising rates were $1 per square of twelve lines for the first, and fifty cents for each subsequent insertion. A liberal discount made on yearly and half yearly advertisements."

During the first ten years of its existence the Chronicle suspended three or four,-times, so that in 1856 it had only reached its eighth volume, when it should have been in its thirteenth. Though Mr. Darlington was a Democrat, the Chronicle was neutral, or independent, in politics, as it required the support of all parties to sustain it. Even then the subscription list was small, and, though the paper received considerable patronage, in the shape of legal notices and the like, from other counties, yet the editor was uniformly "hard up." In 1850, and for some time subsequently, he sold it his office "Dr. Bragg's Celebrated Indian Queen Vegetable Sugar-coated Pills," and "Sappington's Pills," both noted specifics in their day for chills and fever; and he was also agent for a little medical work entitled "Sappington on Fevers," by Dr. John Sappington, of Saline county, a celebrated physician and prominent citizen in early days. But with all these sources of income Mr. Darlington never became rich. In 1855 his son, E. S. Darlington, took charge of the Chronicle and published it until about the outbreak of the war, when Col. L. J. Eastin became its editor and publisher.

Life in Chillicothe in the first twenty years of its existence was uneventful. The town was small and unimportant. Nothing but the fact that it was the county seat kept it alive for some years. Even Spring Hill was a place of more trade and importance at one time. It was on the State road from Hannibal to St. Joseph, and some time after the year 1850 a stage line was established between those two points. The eastern terminus of this line was gradually removed to the westward as the building of the railroad progressed. Nearly all the goods and merchandise brought to Chillicothe were hauled from Brunswick, and indeed large quantities were purchased there by the retail merchants of this county. Ballentine & Outcalt were leading wholesale merchants in Brunswick in the '50's, and sold everything from hardware to millinery, from school books to whisky. To be sure many invoices for this county were bought in St. Louis and shipped to Brunswick by water; the river was full of steamboats in the boating season.

With the certainty of the building of the Hannibal and St. Joseph Railroad by way of Chillicothe its trade and prospects increased, and its condition was largely improved. From 1852 to 1856 there were flush times. In 1855 the business directory of the place was about as follows: -

Lansing & Yager, dealers in dry goods, groceries, hardware, etc.

Jesse Hoge, dry goods, boots, shoes, etc.

L. & W. Humphry, drugs.

R. R. Mills, stoves and tinware.

T. J. Winn and J. J. Eberly, tailors.

A. & B. Small, shoemakers.

Carpenter & Clark, plowmakers.

John Garr, plowmaker.

Clark & Turner, livery stable.

J. Fitzmorris, Grand River Hotel.

G. W. Clarno, eating house.

Lawyers, W. Y. Slack, J. H. B. Manning, W. C. Samuel, E. Bell.

Physician, Dr. W. W. Woodward.

Grand River Chronicle, E. S. Darlington.

There were also two or three dram-shops, and the groceries kept whisky on hand. Mr. Clarno, in the advertisement of his eat house, said: "Crackers, cheese, cakes, bread, etc., always on hand. Also, ale and cider for persons opposed to strong drink." There were "persons opposed to strong drink" then as well as now; but there is also as much "strong drink" now as then.

In 1858 the Livingston County Agricultural and Mechanical Association was organized and held an exhibition on its grounds, near Chillicothe, on the first Wednesday, Thursday and Friday in October. The officers of the Association were R. C. Carr, president; Jere. Hutchison, vice-president; L. T. Collier, secretary; Benj. Berry, treasurer. Directors, R. E. Holland, B. B. Gill, James Hutchison, Geo. H. Liggett, Jere. Hutchison, Asa T. Kirtley, John Barnes, Spence A. Alexander, Benj. Edrington. Marshal, Ed. S. Darlington. Musicians, Chillicothe Brass Band.

The first cemetery was established in August, 1839, when the county clerk ordered that two acres in the northwest corner of the southwest block "be set aside for a Berrying Ground." This was in the southwest part of the original plat.

In March, 1841, the citizens were allowed to use the old log court house, the first one built, "for a publick school house," and the first school in the town was taught here.

In the winter of 1857 - 58 some of the young men of Chillicothe organized an amateur dramatic association, which was called "The Chillicothe Thespian Society." The members were Charles H. Mansur, Tilton Davis, J. C. Barkley, Minor W. Yeager, Dr. E. T. Yeager, Levi Lingo, Ed. Lingo, J. B. Haight, Jourdan Graves, Jacob Eberly, and the orchestra (!), Dr. U. T. Greene, with his violin. At this time amusements were extremely rare, and diversions not numerous: there were no dramatic companies on the road in this quarter, and the Thespians gave the first theatrical representation in the city. In the warm season an occasional circus, or circus and menagerie made its appearance on its perambulating tour through the country, and gave an exhibition, and sometimes a ventriloquist, or "slight-of-hand performer" came along and held forth, always to a good audience.

It will be noticed that there were no lady members of the society. So circumspect were the daughters of Chillicothe that none of them could be found willing to become even an amateur "play actor." Female parts were taken and female characters assumed by Tilton Davis, G. B. Haight, and Ed. Lingo, and so well did they render their impersonations that they uniformly received great applause. The ladies of the town furnished them with wearing apparel, and gave them many hints in regard to making up, and much useful and perhaps surprising information respecting certain devices and contrivances, useful in the production of magnificent effect in the adornment of the human form divine. The result was that the boys were au fait in the matter of costume, and Tilton Davis, especially, seemed every inch a lady!

The Society gave its first entertainment in what is now known as the Lauderdale building, on the southeast corner of the square (or southeast corner of Locust and Jackson) upstairs. Very excellent appropriate scenery had been painted by Amos Bargdoll, and all the stage appointments were very good. The hall was narrow, and it was lucky there was no need of dressing rooms. The stage and wings extended entirely across the room, and the boys changed their wardrobes in the flies.

The admission was 25 cents, and the hall was crowded. The company opened with the old but ever popular farce of "Toodles," with J. C. Barkley in the title role, and Tilton Davis as Mrs. Toodles. The antics of the tipsy Toodles were admirably delineated by Mr. Barkley , while the vagaries of Mr. Toodles, her desire to have something "handy in the house," even if it were a second-hand coffin or a door plate inscribed with the name of Thompson, "with a p," were so well presented by Mr. Davis that the audience applauded again and again. Then followed "Slasher and Crasher," with C. H. Mansur as Slasher, and M. W. Yeager as Crasher. This was also a great success, and enthusiastically received. "Box and Pox" was a great favorite. Indeed, the repertoire of the society was made of farces and comedies.

The society gave regular entertainments during the first winter and also the next (1858 - 59). In the second season the theater was located in the upper story of the then new Craig House - now the Browning - and here the actors had more scope, and gave even better performances.

In the winter of 1860 - 61 some other young men of the place attempted a revival of the Thespians, using the same old scenery and properties, but by this time Chillicothe was somewhat accustomed to play acting, and demanded a better quality than the amateurs could give them, and the attempt was not a success.

As elsewhere noted, from time to time steamboats ascended Grand river as high as the forks or to Chillicothe Landing. In the fall of 1858 the Silver Lake and the St. Mary were two steamers that came to Chillicothe. Two families came to the town on the former, and the Chronicle of September 24 said: "The steamer St. Mary reached our wharf on Wednesday last with a large quantity of freight for our merchants."

The building of the Hannibal and St. Joseph Railroad was of the greatest advantage to the town. All branches of business were stimulated and encouraged. Money was plenty and prices good during the construction of the road through the county, and those were flush times. The population increased from 800 to 1,200; many new houses were built, and those already constructed were crowded to their fullest capacity.

The progress of the town for two years thereafter was fairly rapid and substantial. From 1,200 in January, 1859, the population increased to 1,800 or 2,000 by January, 1861. Schools and churches were established, business enterprises were inaugurated, and a full tide of prosperity set in and was fast bearing the town on to permanent fortune. In 1858 a branch of the State Bank of Missouri was established, with John B. Leeper as president and Jas. A. Shirley cashier. This institution continued until 1866, when in November of that year it was succeeded by the People's Savings Bank.1

1 The first officers of this bank were Col. James McFerran, president; Sidney McWilliams, cashier; Spence H. Gregory, Preston H. Minor, Ed. Gudgell, J. D Sherman, J. A. Sherley, James McFerran, and Sidney McWilliams, directors.

Rev. W. Ellington opened a seminary for young ladies and girls in September, 1858. Boys were admitted up to the age of 16, when they were compelled to leave. The Chillicothe seminary was established in 1857. It had two departments, male and female. S. A. Beauchamp and Jenny Beauchamp were principals; J. H. Beauchamp was assistant male teacher; Miss E. R. Chandler, assistant female teacher; and Miss S. C. Dumm music teacher, and instructor in the primary department.

Upon the outbreak of the Civil War the population of the town was about 1,800 or perhaps 2,000. Its condition was excellent and flourishing generally and its prospects bright and promising. But the war came and struck down its prosperity as it struck down many a strong man armed. It laid its heavy hand upon the business interests, and they shrank and dwindled or perished entirely. Only the stoutest bore up through it all.

A majority of the citizens at first were Secessionists, and did not hesitate to speak and act in defense of their sentiments. Even the ladies were as strong partisans as their brothers and stitched secession flags and made up clothing for those who were going forth to do battle for "Southern rights." The Union citizens were at first quiet and undemonstrative, but kept the Federal authorities fully advised of the situation and the progress of events, and after the troops came fairly to the front.

After the 14th of June, 1861, when Slack and his troops left the town, and the 16th Illinois came in, Chillicothe was under complete Federal control, save for a few hours at a time. In the fall of 1861 - sometime in September - Capt. W. F. Peery came through with his Confederate recruits from Jackson township, and in the spring of 1862 some parties from "the forks" broke open the jail one night and rescued some rebel prisoners. These were the only "rebel raids" made on the town during the war.

From the fall of 1861 until the summer of 1865, there was not a day when Federal soldiers could not be seen on the streets in Chillicothe, with none to molest them or make them afraid. For a time the town was a base of supplies and operations for the militia commanders. Next to Macon it was regarded as the most important post on the Hannibal and St. Joseph between the initial and terminal points.

Of course under these circumstances the citizens did not regard the situation at all times as felicitous. The Confederate sympathizers, especially, found their lot an unpleasant one. Perhaps they were inclined to magnify their discomforts, but they certainly endured at times insult and something of injury. Union citizens in different parts of the country complained of Confederate occupation; the sympathizing Confederates of Chillicothe complained of the Federal military, and perhaps both complaints were grounded.

Yet Chillicothe came out of the conflict remarkably well. None of her citizens were ruthlessly murdered, only one building - the M. E. Church South - was said to have been burned by the Federal soldiers, and in this instance the charge was not proven; and even the little acts of foraging were the work of graceless scamps such as violate the law to-day. The town was fortunate in her post commanders. Cols. Jacob T. Tindall, John H. Shanklin, and John B. Hale were men of high character, incapable of dishonorable conduct either, in peace or war, and it is largely due to them that the lives and property of the citizens were so well preserved.

Immediately after the war a tide of prosperity set in. The population was largely increased, business interests were advanced, industrial enterprises were established, and the city nourished. It soon became the center of a large trade. Wholesale mercantile houses were opened and throve exceedingly. People came from off the Iowa line to buy goods. The public square was thronged with teams. Additions to the city were laid out and rapidly settled.

In 1870 the population was nearly 4,000 (3,978) while in 1865 it had been only about 1,500. But now a sort of paralysis struck the business affairs of the city and for years it stood still. The completion of the Brunswick Railroad, in 1871, was of advantage, but the ignominious failure of the Chillicothe and Des Moines counterbalanced this gain. The panic of 1873 added to the depreciation. Property sunk in value, and some enterprises were prostrated.

At the close of the war a system of graded schools was established under a special charter from the State, and in 1876 the present magnificent building was erected at a cost of $35,000. This was not effected without opposition, however, which all public enterprises must expect to meet. The bonds issued to build the school finally came into the hands of one Mr. Hazelton, of New York, who generously gave, in the settlement of a compromise, a considerable sum for the establishment of a library, which now comprises several hundred volumes. Many of these have been donated by citizens. One of the most efficient friends of the school and the library has been the Hon. C. H. Mansur. But in truth nearly every man in the city is their friend.

In 1869 a two-story brick building was erected to be used and occupied as a city hall, and to contain the city offices. This building cost about $20,000; in March, 1876, it was burned. Immediately afterward the erection of another building, larger, handsomer, more imposing, and much more convenient, was begun, and finished in less than a year, at a cost of $25,000. There were more buildings erected and improved in 1877 than in the six years preceding. The old court house, which stood in the centre of the square, was torn down in 1865, and the brick used in building the structure known as Bell & Moore's Hall, on the east side of the square.

The population of the city in 1870 was 3,978, but in 1876 it was only 3,499, a decrease in six years of nearly 500! And even in 1880 the census showed a total population of only 4,078, an increase over the census of 1870, ten years before, of but 100. After 1880, however, the population increased slowly, until it is now about 5,000.

In 1880 the city contained 9 dry goods and clothing stores, 11 groceries, 5 drug stores, 3 furniture stores, 3 stove and tinware stores, 3 queensware stores, 2 book stores, 2 hardware stores, 2 jewelry stores, 6 millinery stores, 3 printing offices, 2 banks, doing a flourishing business, 3 hotels, 3 merchant tailors, 3 restaurants, 3 agricultural implement houses, 1 planing mill, a Turkish bath establishment, 1 brewery, 3 photograph galleries, 4 wagon and carriage factories, 4 livery stables, 1 tobacco factory, 1 pork packing house, 1 woolen factory, 2 flouring mills, express office and two lumber yards, 8 physicians, 16 attorneys, 10 ministers, 9 churches, to wit: 2 Methodist, 1 Baptist, 1 Christian or Disciple, 1 Catholic, 1 Episcopal and 1 Presbyterian; also, 1 Baptist and 1 Methodist colored church. The Catholics had a large convent building in which they maintained a flourishing school.

Describing the town this year, a local writer said: "The boast of the city is the magnificent public school building, which was completed at a cost of $36,000. It contains 12 school rooms, besides basement and cloak rooms, and is fitted up in modern style with special regard to the comfort, health and convenience of pupils. It is, beyond doubt, the most elegant building of the kind in North Missouri, and is probably not excelled in all its appointments by any public school building in a city the size of Chillicothe, anywhere in the United States. The City Hall is a large and substantial two-story brick building that cost the city $25,000. The courts are held on the first floor, and on the second is a public hall that will seat 500 persons. Several business houses of the city do a large jobbing trade, and carry from $25,000 to $50,000 worth of goods. Chillicothe, having competing railroad lines, both to Chicago and St. Louis, enjoys the advantages of low freights, and consequently it is the principal shipping point for grain and stock in the Grand River Valley. Commercial travelers say more and better goods are sold here than at many places in Illinois, Iowa and Kansas of greater population and pretensions, and that the merchants here are remarkably prompt and honorable in their dealings."

In 1881 - 82 there was considerable excitement in the town and throughout the county over the proposed extension of the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad (called the Burlington mid Southwestern), from Browning through the county via Chillicothe. A line was surveyed - that portion south of Grand River being that now substantially followed by the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul. Mr. Henry Hatch, a former citizen of the town, was at the head of the scheme and made many speeches and did much other work to induce the citizens to subscribe a certain amount in aid of the contemplated enterprise. But after a great deal of talk and what is called "work," it turned out that the entire scheme was a "sell," having its origin in a desire on the part of the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Road to frighten the owners of the Hannibal and St. Joseph into a sale of that road to the "Q." interest. It was never intended to build the road through Chillicothe. It was built from Laclede into Carroll county, via Sumner, or Cunningham, and now has its western terminus at Bogard.

The winter of 1885 - 86 brought three new enterprises to Chillicothe. In the latter part of December, 1885, the town was first lighted by electric lights now in complete and successful operation. December 22 the town voted to adopt a proposition from J. L. Mastin to put in waterworks, which are to be established by August next. In March, 1886, the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Railroad was indefinitely located through the town and county. It is confidently expected that the town will be made a division station, with machine and repair shops, upon the completion of the latter road.

The Sisters' Academy in Chillicothe was first started as a day school in January, 1872, in the Redding House, on the east side of the public school. Mother Mary Herman was the Superior, and her assistant were Sisters Mary John Baptist, Mary Margaret, Macy Wilhelmina, and others. Early in the following spring a lot was bought from Thos. B. Bryan, in his second addition, and on this site the present academy building was completed the same year; the Sisters occupied it about Christmas Day. From the first they were liberally patronized by the public generally.

Mother Mary Herman was succeeded by Mother Mary Margaret, who was in turn succeeded by Mother Mary Wilhelmina, and she by the present Mother, Sister Mary Elizabeth.

The course of studies in the Academy is that in use in similar institutions. The academy building, which together with the site, etc., cost about $12,000, is in a healthy locality, situated on the most elevated site in the city. Its rooms are well ventilated and suitably arranged. Every facility is afforded students to make their progress thorough, successful and agreeable. The average number of pupils in attendance is 50. The terms are very reasonable and the advantages for obtaining an education are very superior.

The parochial school of the parish is taught by two of the Sisters.

In the year 1857, this church was instituted with about twelve families. It was the fourth church of the diocese of St. Joseph, in Missouri, having a resident priest. The first pastor in charge was Right Reverend John J. Hogan, now Bishop of Kansas City, and administrator of the diocese of St. Joseph, to the latter of which Livingston county belongs. Father Hogan was the founder of this church and was its resident pastor until his promotion to the newly erected see of St. Joseph, Mo., whose first bishop he became. This prelate erected the first Catholic church in Chillicothe, where he made his residence, and whence, from 1857 to 1868, he visited the scattered families in North Missouri, principally along the Hannibal and St. Joseph Railroad. Among the places visited by Father Hogan, as he was commonly called, were Breckinridge, Sturgeon, Huntsville, Hudson or Macon City, Brookfield, Cameron, Kidder, Milan, Unionville, Bethany, Princeton, Eagleville, Laclede and Clarence;

After Father Hogan there came as pastor to St. Columban's Revs. R. S. Tucker, -------- Gestach, A. J. Abel, J. J. Kennedy, E. J. Sheehey, and Francis Moenning. The latter came in October, 1878. He was a member of the Order of St. Francis, of the province of the Sacred Heart, whose headquarters are in St. Louis. He was sent out by his superiors at the invitation of Bishop Hogan, to make a reconnaissance of the diocese of St. Joseph in order to find a suitable location for a new settlement of a community of his order.

Of an energetic and enterprising disposition Father Francis established a home of the community at Bee Branch, Chariton county, (Wier P. O.); but realizing the great advantage that would result to the community, he desired to found a second house. Bishop Hogan as a particular friend of the order of St. Francis, offered him the parish of Chillicothe, from which there had to be attended several little missions along the railroads and in the country districts.

This calling of the Franciscan Order into the city of Chillicothe marks a new departure in the history of the Catholic population in the city. Father Francis held services at first in the old frame church in the southern part of the town. But his fervor and peculiar success in attracting people, soon made this church too small. He resolved, therefore, to build a new church, and bought for this purpose a whole block in the northern part of town, near the academy of the Sisters of St. Joseph. The corner-stone of the new church was laid in the following year in the presence of an immense concourse of people. The plans and specifications for the new brick church were drawn up by Brother Adrian, of the same order, and carried out so as to complete only so much as was needed for the present wants of the congregation; the rest is to be added when the increase of the congregation may demand it, which is likely to be very soon. The cost of buildings with premises was about $12,000. Father Francis was, however, not yet satisfied with what he had done. The next year he commenced to build a college which was completed very soon and opened, but soon after met with an accident. A storm damaged it greatly. The loss was estimated at $2,000. However, it was rebuilt with the aid of the good citizens of Chillicothe. Its original cost was about $5,000. The plans of the studies originally intended was not carried out, partly for want of scholars, partly for want of teachers and professors, the order having already several colleges to attend, and being very pressingly engaged in ministerial duties.

There are now three Franciscan Fathers stationed at Chillicothe, - and with them are three lay brothers who wait on them and attend to the church garden, household work, etc. The number of families of the congregation is estimated at $150.

The St. Joseph College, a parochial school, is conducted by the Sisters of St. Joseph. The pupils in attendance average 70. The St. Joseph hall has seating capacity for over 400. Father Francis was removed in August, 1882, to St. Louis, Mo., and succeeded by Clementinus Deymann who is here still, the well beloved pastor of the church, and the esteemed ecclesiastic and divine of the people generally.

Christian Church. - The Christian Church of Chillicothe was organized in 1850, with John Crawford and Benjamin Edrington as elders, James Hutchison and Stillman Mansur, deacons, and John Graves and perhaps a few others. The first church building was erected the same year, with John Crawford, James Hutchison, and Stillman Mansur as trustees. It was enlarged and repaired in 1869. The building, a frame, stands on the corner of Washington and Clay Streets, and has cost about $2,000. The pastors have been Elders Wm. Carter, T. P. Haley, J. M. Henry, R. M. Messick, W. F. Parker, A. C. McKeevin, C. Monroe, and A. Ellett. Resident preachers of Chillicothe who have served the church a part of the time have been D. T. Wright, editor of the old Christian Pioneer, now the Christian Evangelist, of St. Louis; Dr. W. D. Jordan, Prof. J. M. Long, and W. H. Gaunt. Among the visiting ministers who have preached to this congregation may be mentioned the distinguished divine, Alexander Campbell, who was here in 1859; Rev. Dr. Moses E. Lard, in 1869; Rev. Benj. Smith, of Canton University, in 1870, and Rev. Benj. Franklin, editor of the Christian Age and Review, of Cincinnati. The last named was here in the year 1860, and engaged in a debate with Rev. J. M. Rush, of the M. E. Church South, in the old M. E. S. church building on Locust Street, which - -- was in 1863. In Livingston county there are about 600 members the Christian Church of which number the Chillicothe organization comprises about one-half. The two oldest ministers of this denomination in the county reside in Chillicothe, and are Dr. W. D. Jordan, who is 87 years of age and has preached for 65 years; and; and Elder D. T. Wright, who is 65, and has been in the ministry for 40 years. W. C. Wood is the present very efficient clerk of the church.

First Baptist Church. - The present organization of the First Baptist Church, of Chillicothe, was formed November 5, 1869, by the union of two organizations known as the First Baptist and Vine Street Baptist Churches of Chillicothe. The committees appointed from the respective organizations to bring about this union were composed as follows: from the First Church, Rev. G. W. Rogers, Deacon J. M. Alnutt and Dr. E. S. Poindexter; from Vine Street, Deacon J. C. Barnard, A. J. Stewart and Z. N. Goldsby. The early records of each branch have been lost, and no complete history of either can be given. The First Church was in existence some time prior to 1858, for in that year the first church building, a brick structure, was erected. This was sold and in 1867 the present house, on lots 5 and 8, block 37, was built by the Vine Street organization, costing perhaps $2,000. The pastors of this church, so far as can now be learned, have been Revs. J. Hall, L. M. Berry, J. C. Maples, R. S. Johnson, B. F. Colwell, S. L. Cox, I. R. M. Beason, J. J. Feltz, R. M. Richardson, J. B. Stark, David Scott, R. H. Williamson and G. L. Talbott. Upon the consolidation, in 1869, the membership was 85; it is now 121. A very flourishing and efficient Sabbath-school of over 100 scholars is superintended by J. W. Botts. The church clerk is A. H. Onderdonk.

Friendship Lodge No. 89, A. F. and A. M., was the first Masonic lodge organized in Livingston county. The dispensation was issued prior to February, 1845, for in that month the county court made an order allowing the lodge the use of the grand jury room, in the second story of the court house "for fifteen years." The charter was issued October 12, 1847, to Wm. Hudgins, master; Geo. Munro, senior warden, and Dr. John Wolfskill, junior warden. Col. John Ralls, of Ralls county, was the grand toaster at the date of the issue of the charter. During the forty years of its existence Friendship lodge has had a most interesting history and prosperous career. Some of its members have been raised to positions of distinction in the order as well as to places of eminence in public affairs. Three of the members, John D. Vincil, D. D., James E. Cadle and Alex. M. Dockety, have been grand masters of Missouri. At present the membership numbers seventy, and the lodge meets on the east side of the public square. The officers are Saml. L. Harris, master; Arthur Henderson and A. F. Chapin, wardens; W. H. Couch and S. H. Price, deacons; S. England, treasurer; Fred. Hoppe, secretary; J. L. Smith, tyler. Friendship is the parent of nearly all of the other lodges of the upper Grand River valley.

Chillicothe Lodge, No. 333, was constituted out of Friendship lodge, by Dr. John D. Vincil, under dispensation issued December 16, 1868. The first officers were M. H. Smith, master; Edwin McKee and R. F. Dunn, wardens; Edwin Lyman, secretary; Smith Turner, treasurer; R. N. Eddy and J. R. Middleton, deacons; W. H. Hewitt, tyler. Under the charter, which is dated October 12, 1869, the first officers were Edwin McKee, master; Wm. S. Bird and Robt. N. Eddy, wardens; R. F. Dunn, treasurer; Ed. Lyman, secretary; T. R. May and W. H. Maine, deacons; J. A. Cooper and R. W. Goldsby, stewards; Geo. W. Rogers and W. E. Dockery, chaplains; John Bosworth, tyler. The present membership is 66; the lodge is out of debt and has some money at interest. The furniture is owned in partnership with Friendship lodge.

Knights Templar Commandery. - Right Eminent Sir Carroll J. Atkins, Grand Commander of Missouri, instituted Paschal Commandery, No. 32, K. T. The dispensation was issued August 11, 1869, and the charter bears date May 14, 1880 (A. O. 762). The charter members and first officers were Reuben Barney, E. C.; Stephen Norris, generalissimo.; Henry Kase, captain-general; Wm. E. Rhea, prelate; W. B. Leach, and James E. Cadle, wardens; August Hoppe, treasurer; J. R. Middleton, recorder; W. B. Stevens, standard bearer; R. F. Dunn, sword bearer; W. P. Monro, warder; I. L. Smith, guard; Thos. A. Brown, Albert Stephens, Jas. T. Brown, Carter Page, Willis K. Dockery, Campbell Crossan, and J. B. Ostrander. The commandery occupies a rented hall. The present membership is 40.

Chillicothe Lodge, No. 91, I. O. O. F., has at present 59 members in good standing. The dispensation was issued January 14, 1856, and the charter May 21, following. The lodge was instituted by H. T. Grill, district deputy grand master of District No. 31. The charter members and first officers were R. R. Mills, noble grand; Geo. Pace, vice grand; U. T. Green, recording secretary; H. W. Lansing, permanent secretary; B. F. Carpenter, treasurer; V. W. Kimball, Minor W. Yager, Geo. W. Call. The lodge meets in a rented hall. Its present officers are W. B. Coston and Robert Stewart, noble and vice grands; L. A. Chapman and H. J. Pringle, recording and permanent secretaries; N. J. Rensch, treasurer, and Wm. H. Missman, Grand Lodge representative.

Chillicothe Encampment, No. 68, I. O. O. F., was instituted by Wm. McClelland, special deputy. The dispensation was issued March 12, 1872, and the charter is dated May 24, following. The first officers and charter members were David Burberry, chief patriarch; E. H. Bement, high priest; C. R. Berry, scribe; C. H. Mansur, treasurer; B. F. Berry and S. B. Thatcher, wardens; Joseph Huffman, H. E. Hunt, Stephen Norris, J. S. Weaver, T. R. May, C. P. Jones, W. R. G. Humphrey, S. England, J. H. Long, J. M. Cherry, C. J. Benson, W. T. Spears, R. M. Graham, Jas. Grubb, Alonzo Walker, Chas. W. Sloan, Jas. B. Tanner. The present membership is 29, and the officers are S. England, chief priest; H. J. Pringle, high priest: J. R. Tudor and N. J. Rensch, wardens; W. B. Coston, scribe, and Robt. Stewart, treasurer.

Not without justice, Mr. John H. Abshire is conceded to hold a representative position among the prominent and successful men of Livingston county, for he has rendered it valuable service in many different capacities, some of which are referred to in the previous sketch. On October 27, 1822, he was born in Franklin county, Va., the son of Nelson Abshire, also a Virginian, and a farmer by calling, and Mary Abshire, nee Wright, of the same State. John H. was the eldest of 10 children, and his experience in youth was like that of other farmers' boys, part of the time being passed in attending school and the remainder in working about the home place. After attaining his majority he commenced teaching school, and for quite a while was thus occupied. In 1847, taking up his location in Kentucky, Mr. A. engaged in mercantile pursuits, and remained in that State until coming to Chillicothe, Mo., in 1858, where he embarked in the manufacture of tobacco, the first in Livingston county to enter into this branch of what has since increased to a considerable trade. In 1861, however, he abandoned the manufacturing business, though up to the present time he has continued to deal extensively in tobacco. Formerly he shipped large quantities to European markets, but of late years he has principally disposed of his crops in St. Louis. Mr. Abshire has given much attention to farming and the stock business, and at this time he owns 575 acres of land, valuable and of superior quality, in close proximity to Chillicothe; this land is nearly all devoted to the stock industry, and is needed down to timothy, clover and blue grass. His career since his settlement in this county has been a successful and encouraging one, and not without good results, for to-day he is recognized as one of the substantial citizens of the county in a material point of view. In addition to his agricultural and tobacco interests, he has a large capital, and is one of the stockholders and a director in the People's Savings Bank, of this place. Well established in life, on a sound, firm basis, he has drawn about him many friends who esteem him most highly for his good judgment, plain and unassuming manner at all times, and his warm friendship. Mr. Abshire was married April 25, 1855, to Miss Elizabeth Cheatham, a Kentuckian by birth, and a daughter of Robert Cheatham, Esq. Five children are now in their family: James B., J. Henry, William C., Lena and Fannie.

For a period now of nearly 45 years Mr. Anderson has resided upon the same place that he now occupies, and, during this time he has made for himself an honorable name and secured a comfortable competence in which to pass the remainder of his days, when the mantle of old age commences to fill about him. His birthplace was in Lawrence county, Ind., and there he first saw the light April 2, 1818. When a boy he removed to St. Clair county, Ill., and later to Henry county, Mo., from whence, a year later, he went to Cass county. In 1840 he took up his location in Livingston county, and after the first year of his residence here he settled permanently upon his present homestead. Three hundred and twenty acres are now included in this tract, one of the comfortable, neat places of this portion of the county, and a lifetime of experience in agricultural pursuits has given Mr. Anderson a thorough knowledge of the proper management to be bestowed upon his farm. Everything about the farm is kept in excellent condition. Mr. A.'s father, Isaac Anderson, was a native of Tennessee and a soldier in the Mexican War, his death occurring two years after the close of that struggle, in Caldwell county, Mo., where he was visiting. His (Isaac's) wife was formerly Miss Elizabeth Hill, originally from East Tennessee. The grandfather of the subject of this sketch, James Anderson (for whom he was named), came primarily from Ireland to East Tennessee and later to Indiana. Young James continued to give his attention to farming in this State while growing up until the outbreak of the Mexican War, when with true courage and patriotism, he enlisted in Co. L, under command of Capt. W. R. Slack, the same company in which his father enlisted; a brother, Isaac, was also in the same war under Taylor, but remained ignorant of the presence of his brother in the service until after the close of the war. Mr. James Anderson was mustered in at Ft. Leavenworth and marched across the plains his first engagement being at Canada. Afterwards he participated in the battles of El Embudo and Taos. Subsequently he returned home and again resumed farming, which he has continued to follow. Mr. A. has been married three times. In 1837 Miss Emily Young became his wife, a native of Missouri; she died in 1839 in Cass county, leaving two children, Isaac M. and Jesse, the latter dying soon after. Mr. Anderson was again married, in 1841, to Mrs. Margaret Austin, nee Bryan. Her son, Col. Austin, was killed at Wilson's Creek during the late war, under Price. Mrs. A. died in 1861, and two of the three children born of this union survive, Thomas B. and James, now in California; one died in infancy. Her children by her first husband were Andrew Jackson, James Madison and Mary, now living, and John, deceased. May 23, 1863, Mr. Anderson found a third wife in the person of Miss Sarah Linville, who was born in this county April 12, 1837. To them 11 children have been born: John, Wiley, Robert, Elizabeth, Lulu, Julia, Adaline, Edward, Eva, Malinda and Franklin. He is a prominent member of the A. F. and A. M.

The Anderson family, or rather that branch to which the subject of this sketch belongs, were early settlers in the southwestern part of Missouri. In the sketch which immediately precedes this an outline in brief has been given of Mr. Anderson's father, James Anderson, one of the county's respected and worthy citizens, and as will be seen there Isaac's great-grandfather was an Irishman by nativity. His grandfather, father and an uncle were all participants in the Mexican War, and made for themselves honorable records as soldiers. Isaac's mother, formerly Emily Young, died in 1839, and he is now the only surviving child born of this marriage. In Cass county, Mo., his birth occurred on the 15th day of May, 1837, and in 1840 he accompanied. his father to this county, where he was reared. He grew to manhood on the old homestead still occupied by his father, was a student at the common schools for some time and in 1864 be took a trip to Montana, remaining in that country some three years. This time was partly spent in the mines, a portion of it in conducting a dairy, and for one year he was interested in farming. After his return, in 1867, Mr. Anderson was united in marriage with Miss Mary Jacobs, a daughter of Solomon Jacobs, of Tennessee, and to them have been given five children: Lizzie M., William Scott,, Joseph, John T. and Alta Belle. Mr. A.'s farm is 120 acres in extent, under good cultivation and improvement, and an especial feature of it is the promising young orchard to be seen. His operations are meeting with good success, which all will acknowledge he deserves. Personally he is social and agreeable.

From the time of his settlement in this county until his death in October, 1872, there was perhaps no man more widely known or more universally respected, or who wielded a greater influence in the public affairs of the community, than Mr. Asper's father, Hon. Joel F. Asper - a man of recognized ability and worth and one closely identified with the interests of Chillicothe and vicinity. A native of Adams county, Pa., he was the son of Abraham Asper, of the same county, who, after his removal to Trumbull county, O., opened up a farm on which Joel was brought up. The latter early made choice of the legal profession as the calling to which he would devote himself in life, soon entered upon his studies, and during this time worked in Warren to defray his collegiate studies. Going to Chardon, Geauga county, in the same State, he edited for some time the Chardon Democrat, subsequently disposing of this property and returning to Warren, where he was afterwards elected prosecuting attorney of the county. He was the first man to enlist in the Federal army from that county, becoming a member and being elected captain of Co. H, of the 7th Ohio volunteer infantry; later on he was promoted lieutenant-colonel, and at the battle of Winchester he was severely wounded in the thigh. Afterwards Mr. Asper organized the 171st regiment of which he was commissioned colonel, and was ordered to Johnson Island to do guard duty, going thence to Kentucky to repel Morgan's raid, where the regiment was captured. He was paroled at Covington, Ky., and in 1864 came to Chillicothe, Mo., engaging at once in the practice of his profession, which he afterwards followed. He also published the Spectator, formerly called the Grand River Chronicle, the Tribune now being the successor of this journal. This paper was Republican in politics. In 1868 Mr. Asper was elected to Congress from the Seventh District of Missouri. It is a tract worthy of mention that he was the first man to advocate through the columns of his paper the enfranchisement of the rebels. His death was sincerely mourned by a host of friends and acquaintances. His wife's maiden name was Elizabeth F. Brown, of Ohio. She died January 21, 1884, leaving three children: Sarah F., Florence E. and Charles O. The latter, a worthy son of a respected and honored father, was born at Chardon, Geauga county, O., February 15, 1853. He accompanied his parents to this State, growing up in this county, and after receiving a primary education entered Cornell University, in New York. Owing to the death of his father he left this school when in his sophomore year in order to assist in the care of the family. Entering the recorder's office as deputy, he served until 1876, and in 1877 he was made deputy collector. In 1879 he was appointed by Gov. Phelps to fill the position of county recorder. In 1880 he was nominated on the Democratic ticket for this office, and though receiving a large vote, was defeated by a small majority. In 1881 he was appointed assistant swamp land agent for the State, continuing to act in this capacity for fifteen months. Mr. Asper then returned to Chillicothe and opened an abstract office, which he has since conducted. His set of abstract books are complete in every particular, and his business is proving highly satisfactory. He has proved up swamp lands as agent for various counties and always with perfect satisfaction to those most interested. As a business man Mr. Asper has but few superiors. June 24, 1884, he married Miss Mary Kunkel, of Hannibal, Mo., daughter of Col. Nat. Kunkel, of Confederate fame. They have one child, Charles Eastin.

The stock men of Livingston county, and particularly the younger ones, are justly classed among the most intelligent, progressive and successful in the State. One cause of this perhaps is a natural taste for the calling and such Mr. Ayres must have, for his father, Harmon D. Ayres, originally from Bourbon county, Ky., is now a large and prosperous breeder of short-horn cattle near Breckinridge. He came from his native State to his present place in 1878 and has since been closely identified with the interests of Caldwell county. His wife's maiden name was Sallie Turner, also a Kentuckian by birth. Will T., the third child and second son in a family of 5 children, was principally reared in Bourbon county, of the Blue Grass State, where his birth occurred May 31, 1861, and in 1878 he accompanied his parents to Caldwell county, Mo. He continued to make that locality his home until coming to his present residence in 1885 and here he has since remained. Mr. Ayres' stock interests have been in the direction of horses almost entirely and he it is who owns Ayres' Hamiltonian, the finest horse in North Missouri. In 1885 he started in eight races wand took six first and two second premiums; of seven roadster rings in which he has shown he has taken ten first and one second premium; in St. Louis he was in four shows, and here three first and one second premium were also given him, more than fell to any other horse in the exhibition. Pontiac, by Happy Medium, is another of Mr. Ayres' promising animals, an inbred Hamiltonian. Too much credit can not be given him for his efforts to improve the stock of this county, and if his endeavors in this direction are not now appreciated the time will come when they shall be.

In addition to the apprenticeship of six years which Mr. Barker served at his trade of jeweler, a long experience in this line has rendered him a most efficient and thorough master, and since his settlement here in 1867 he has become established on a sound basis. His native State is New York, his birth having occurred at Oriskany Falls, May 9, 1834, and his parents also came originally from the same locality. They were Laurens H. and Aseanith Barker, nee Thompson, the father being an agriculturist by calling which he followed until his death in 1869; his wife died in 1867. Two of the five children born to them are dead, Linas and Lucetta. Those living are Lester T., a jeweler at Minneapolis; Laurens M., a farmer on the old homestead, and the subject of this sketch. He obtained his education at Oriskany Falls and there passed his youth and early manhood, subsequently going to Lockport, N. Y., where he served a six years' apprenticeship in becoming perfectly familiar with every detail of the jeweler's trade. Sometime after this he removed westward and located at Eddyville, Wapello county, Ia., where he conducted a business until 1866. Going thence to St. Joseph, Mo., he remained there, however, but one year, coming to Chillicothe in 1867 and here he has since resided, intimately identified with the interests of this place, both socially and in a business capacity. Mr. Barker is a married man, Miss Emma C. Gangwer, daughter of Joseph Gangwer, of Pennsylvania, having become his wife in 1858. The following children have resulted from this union: Edward and Ella. The former is now engaged in a wholesale mercantile house at St. Paul, and Ella, a graduate of the Chillicothe High School, was married in October, 1885, to Nathan J. Swetland, a leading druggist of this place. Mr. Barker is a member of the Masonic fraternity, has held all the chairs and is now P. M. W. While in Eddyville, Ia., he served as councilman, and has also filled a like position in this city. The stock which he carries of watches, clocks, and, in fact, jewelry of all kinds, is very complete and selected with taste and care.

There is one man within the limits of this township and county, whose name, it might be said, is a household word with the people in the vicinity, for his long residence here and his intimate association with its various material and official affairs have gained for him an extensive acquaintance. Such a one is Amos Bargdoll, of good old Virginia stock, the son of Solomon and Christina (Peterson) Bargdoll, both natives of that State, and where they were married. By calling the father was a blacksmith and gunsmith, and upon leaving the Old Dominion he became located in Greene county, O., near Xenia, in 1816. He lived there until removing to South Bend, Ind., in 1829, and in this connection it is worthy of remark that young Amos was present at the raising of the first house in that place after it had been laid out. In 1841 Mr. Bargdoll, Sr., came to Livingston county, continuing to follow his adopted occupation up to the time of his death, October 8, 1874, at the age of 8l years. Of the seven children in his family four now survive: Amos, Eliza, wife of Joseph G. Reeves; Lewis, in business on the same lot on which his father settled when he first came here, and Julia Ann is the widow of John Simpson. Amos grew up like other youths in the vicinity in which his home was made, naturally learning the trade of his father, and after his removal here he gave his attention to that vocation for a long period. From 1846 to 1850 he held the position of postmaster, but that year resigned to go to California, where he remained for a year and a half, with results quite satisfactory. Returning by water to this county, Mr. Bargdoll purchased a steam saw mill, brought the first engine to the town, and continued to be thus occupied for four years or until losing health. In 1856 he was elected clerk of the county, a position he held for eight years. In 1866 he removed upon his farm of 200 acres and here he has since remained, enjoying the respect of a host of acquaintances. He is naturally an adept in the use of tools and has done no little in this direction. June 2, 1846, Mr. B. married Miss Nancy Bradford, of Greene county, Pa., who died July 7, 1857, leaving three children: Tena, since deceased; Claude, in Denton county, Tex., and Pierce died in Colorado. In August, 1858, Mr. Bargdoll married Miss Sarah Jane West, of Boone county, Mo., who has borne him three children: Ida Belle, Laura J. and Anna E., now living, and one, Cora A., deceased (in August, 1885). Mr. B.'s sister, Matilda, married Samuel R. Jennings and died in St. Joseph county, Ind.; his brother Joel died in this county in February, 1875, and William died in Texas, whither he had gone in 1858.

Permanent success is always regulated by well known laws, dependent upon natural causes, and no one can hope to secure any lasting reputation, with a solid foundation of success, without merit. That Dr. Barney has made himself eminently successful in his profession, nearly twenty years' constant practice in Livingston county abundantly testifies - and this is amply corroborated by his professional brethren and by his splendid income. Reuben Barney was born at Arlington, Bennington county, Vt., April 20, 1843. His parents were also natives of the Green Mountain State, his father being Nathan F. Barney and his mother before her marriage a Miss Fannie Canfield. Only one other child besides Reuben was in their family, Dorrance G. The former grew up in the State of his birth and upon the old homestead, improving to the best advantage the academic education with which he was favored. Finally he commenced the study of medicine and after pursuing his studies under the preceptorship of Dr. I. G. Johnson, of Greenfield, N. Y., he attended medical lectures at Albany, N. Y., graduating from Albany Medical College in 1864. Subsequently be also took a course of lectures at the Bellevue Hospital Medical College of New York, his first field of practice being at Greenfield, N. Y. During the war Dr. Barney entered the United States' service as medical cadet, also performing the duties of assistant surgeon, together with filling the executive office of the Mason General Hospital Boston. After one year in the army he resumed the active practice of his profession at Van Vechten, N. Y., where he remained until coming to this county in 1868. Since that time he has closely adhered to his adopted calling, and with pleasing results, and he now enjoys the reputation of being an able physician and surgeon. His kind, agreeable manner and warm sympathetic nature, render him a welcome visitor to the sick room, and wherever known he is highly esteemed. For twelve years he served as President for the Board of Health and ever since coming to the county he held the position of United States Examining Surgeon of Pensions, and at this time he belongs to the Grand River Medical Society. November 15, 1866, Dr. Barney was united in marriage with Miss Martha Prindle, also originally from Vermont. They have four children: Reuben, Percy Canfield, Mortimer D. and Hawley N. The doctor is prominently connected with the Masonic Order; he has been district deputy of the Grand Lodge and is now grand king of the Royal Arch Chapter of the same body. Besides this he belongs to the Knights Templar, of which he served as eminent commander.

Mr. Bliss is one among the oldest justices of the peace in Livingston county, having served in that capacity during the past 22 years. He has been warmly interested in the growth of the Democratic party, to the principles of which he has ever adhered. An item worthy of mention in this connection is a miniature trunk which he owns and which has been an heirloom in the family during several generations, having passed in succession from the owner who brought it across the Atlantic in the Mayflower, in 1620. Mr. Bliss is of New York nativity. born in Delaware county, August 20, 1820, and the son of John and Lucinda (Townsend) Bliss, of the same State, but of German descent. The former followed farming in Delaware county until his death in 1870, his wife having preceded him by several years in 1853. The children were as follows: Eliza Ann, now Mrs. John Atkins, Mary Ann, wife of Floris Searles; Lucinda, married George Murray, of Delaware county, N. Y., who died in 1884; Clarinda, married John Beadle, also of Delaware county, N. Y., his death occurring in 1860; and Norman J. All but the latter now make their home in Delaware county, w. Y. Norman was reared at his birthplace, receiving a common school education, and in 1838 he emigrated to Susquehanna county, Pa., where he followed the tanning business for eight years. In 1846, upon removing to Ross county, O., he operated a tan-yard there until 1850 and then game to this county, but only remained a few months. Crossing the plains by means of an ox team, he finally reached California after many hardships and was occupied in mining for some time, with moderate success. On the homeward journey his company of 20 men suffered many privations, etc., from marauding bands of Indians, and at Rock Point, on Humboldt river, barely escaped massacre after a desperate encounter with a body of over 200 of these savages. Since his return he has been devoting himself to farming and stock raising. He owns 320 acres of valuable land and in his operations is meeting with good success. In 1853 Mr. Bliss was married to Miss Mary E. St. Clair, daughter of Chas. St. Clair, of Kentucky. Mr. and Mrs. Bliss have never had children of their own but have reared and educated nine orphans: Julia Lucy, Jennie, Ida and Arthur Gaines, and now have at their home Mary Hobbs, Elia and Charles Chektam, Arthur Fuqua and Florence Hull.

A sketch of Mr. Boehner's life, so far as Livingston county is concerned, covers a period of but a little over 10 years, yet he has become so thoroughly identified with the business interests of Chillicothe as to render necessary the insertion of his sketch at this place. Chris. and Christina (Schaffer) Boehner, his parents, were both natives of Germany, and there the father died in 1871. Six children were born to them: Chris., Carrie, Rickey, Katie, Gottlieb and Sophia. Chris., the eldest in the family, was born in that country April 10, 1856, and when 15 years of age came to the United States and settled in St. Joseph, Mo. After following the butchering business there for some time he came to this county in 1875 and established his present place, which has since been conducted with uniform success. Besides his interests in town he also owns 135 acres of farm lend. During the winter of 1884 - 85, Mr. Boehner packed over 2,000 hogs. In 1878 he was united in marriage with Miss Minnie Tuite, whose birth occurred in New York State. She died in 1884. On the 5th of January, 1886, Mr. B. took for his second wife Miss Mary Krouse, originally tram Pennsylvania. A fact worthy of mention in connection with this biography is, that Mr. Boehner has made all he now possesses himself, the result of earnest, hard labor.

Mr. Boyd is one of those men, too few in number, who fully recognizes the truth so often urged by the sages of the law, that, of all men, the reading and thought of a lawyer should be the most extended. Systematic reading gives a more comprehensive grasp to the mind, variety and richness to thought, and a cleaver perception of the motives of men and the principles of things, indeed of the very spirit of laws. This he has found most essential in the persecution of his professional practice. Born in Licking county, O., October 6, 1832, he was the son of William Boyd, a native of Pennsylvania, and whose father was Richard Boyd, of Maryland nativity. The latter was a pioneer in Greene county, Pa., and continued to till the soil there until his death. When about twenty-one years of age William Boyd went to Ohio, then regarded as the far West, there marrying Miss Mary Ann Nelson, the daughter of William Nelson, of Huntingdon county, Pa. William Nelson was a mechanic by occupation, and after remaining in Ohio until a short time following the birth of John N. both families returned to Washington county, Pa., William Boyd living there until his death in 1881. His wife had departed this life in 1854. In their family were the following named children: John N., Milton R., now deceased; Margaret, wife of Rev. Joel Wood, of Pennsylvania; Jennie, now Mrs. Joseph Smith, of Ohio; Scarab, wife of John P. Hunt, of this county; Herschel V., a physician at Piedmont, TV. Va. John N. Boyd was reared to a farm experience, obtaining an education at Waynesburg College, in Greene county, Pa., and subsequently he commented teaching school at $15 per month. After this he taught in village schools and in then graded schools, climbing rapidly in this profession until he became the principal of large graded schools in Monongahela City, Pa., Wheeling, Va., and finally in Alleghany City, Pa. In the latter city, in 1860 and 1861, he had the superintendency of 1,200 children and 18 assistant teachers, all in one building. The war having commenced, the subject of this sketch was anxious to enter the service of his country and might have gone in as captain of a volunteer company from Alleghany City, but at the time was physically disabled for the service in the fall of 1862 he removed to Fairmont, the county seat of Marion county, Va., - now West Virginia, - where for six years he published a newspaper and through which he so vigorously advocated the cause of the Union that his paper (the Fairmont Vedette)attained great popularity and wielded much influence among the Union people of that region. Mr. Boyd participated and was active in the stirring events which led to and resulted in the division of the State of Virginia and the organization of the new State of West Virginia. In June, 1864, he was a delegate large from the new State in the National Republican Convention at Baltimore, which nominated Abraham Lincoln for a second term. Mr. Boyd took a prominent part in the adoption of a free school system in the new State and for several years was county superintendent of the schools at Marion county. To obtain qualified teachers he established and conducted normal schools, and in 1866, by the aid of an appropriation from the State, he founded at Fairmont the present State Normal School.

In August, 1868, Mr. Boyd located with his family in Chillicothe, Mo., and engaged in the drug business for nearly two years. April 6, 1870, he and Rev. Samuel Sawyer began the publication of the Chillicothe Journal as a Liberal Republican paper. Mr. Boyd had control of the editorial department, and in a few months the Journal attained a wide circulation. In the first issue Mr. Boyd published an editorial strongly advocating the nomination of B. Gratz Brown as the Republican candidate for Governor of Missouri. This article was extensively covered by the press of the State, and is believed to have been the first suggestion of Gov. Brown's name for that office, and to have led to his nomination by the Liberal wing of the Republican party, and his election in the fall of 1870 by over 40,000 majority, on the issue of enfranchisement then before the people.

Mr. Boyd was admitted to the Chillicothe bar in 1869, and since 1872 has ignored politics and devoted himself to law and the real estate business for four years, under Circuit Clerks Dunn and Wright, he kept the minutes and records of the Livingston County Circuit Court, and is familiar with the records of all the county offices. Careful, painstaking and searching in the points of the law, he has achieved to an honorable esteem among his fellow members at the bar. In 1884 he was elected to the position of public administrator for a four years' term. Mr. Boyd was married August 4, 1859, to Miss Isabella George, who was born and reared in wheeling, W. Va., the daughter of William George, of Scotch-Irish ancestry. They have four children, viz.: Jessie F., a music teacher; J. Nelson, for several years assistant postmaster in Chillicothe, and both graduates of the Chillicothe High School; Masters Charlie D. and William. Mr. Boyd is a member of Friendship Lodge No. 89, A. F. and A. M., and has been a member of the fraternity since 1858. He has always taken great interest in the historical matters of the county, and has prepared several articles relating to that subject, and which have proved of much value.

E. J. Broaddus, an esteemed member of the legal profession of Chillicothe, was born in Madison county, Ky., June 19, 1835, the son of Andrew and Grace Broaddus, nee Haskins, the latter a Kentuckian by nativity. The father's birth occurred in Virginia, but in early life he removed to Kentucky, and subsequently became a resident of Missouri. For a number of years he was actively engaged in the Santa Fe trade, as it was called. He died in 1872 in Madison county of the Blue Grass State, his wife surviving until 1876, when she, too, departed this life. Their family numbered eight children, of whom Elbridge was the youngest son and sixth child. At an early age he became well acquainted with the details of agricultural life, and during the time while occupied with farm duties attended also the common schools, acquiring an ordinary education. Later on, in casting about for some pursuit in life congenial to his tastes, he almost instinctively turned to the law, and soon after be commenced reading at Richmond, Ky., with Curtis F. Bunham, afterwards First Assistant Secretary of the Treasury under Gen. Bristow. In March, 1858, after a thorough preparation, he was admitted to the bar in his native State, and immediately he entered actively upon the practice of his chosen profession. In 1866 Mr. Broaddus came to Missouri, his destination being St. Joseph, but owing to tedious delays on the railroad he became weary and stopped off at this place. Forming favorable impressions of the outlook for this locality he concluded to remain here, and this has since been his home. In the pursuit of his practice he has shown himself to he possessed of those qualities which go far to win the respect and confidence of men. Unassuming, and, indeed, of a retiring disposition, his honesty has ever been apparent to all, whilst his manners are agreeable, and his conversation, never too voluble, is always pleasant. Personal popularity comes almost unavoidably to such men. In 1874 Mr. Broaddus was elected judge of the Seventeenth district of Missouri,. serving his constituents for one term. In 1861 his first marriage occurred, Miss Annie B. Chambers becoming his wife. She was born in Madison county, Ky. Her death transpired September 26, 1873. Three children born of this union are living: Joseph, Eleanor and Tempie. In May, 1874, Mr. Broaddus was married to Miss Emma Hollingsworth, of Paris, Mo. They have five children: Anna R., Frank H., Mattie, Elbridge and Emma.

Thomas B. Brookshier was born in Ray county, Mo., December 2, 1830, and since 1837, with but few interruptions here noted, he has made his home in this county. His father, Levan Brookshier, a native of North Carolina, accompanied his parents when seven years old to Franklin county, Tenn., being reared there on a farm. In 1829 he came to Missouri, removing to Daviess county in 1832 and to Livingston county in 1837, his settlement being made in Jackson (now Sampsel) township, where his death occurred in February, 1864. He had been twice married. His first wife, formerly Elizabeth Brown, died in 1840, leaving five children: Mary, wife of Thomas Litton; Thomas B., William M., in this county; James C., of Dade county, and Leander G., of Daviess county. In 1841, Mr. B. married Miss Martha Frith, a Virginian by birth, and there were four children born of this union: Sarah Ann married J. W. Minnick, who removed to Texas and there died; Mary Frances is now the wife of Nathan Broughton, of Arkansas; LeRoy T. is in Daviess county, as is also Lysander. The subject of this sketch continued to give his attention to agricultural pursuits in this county (attending the common schools) until 18 years of age, when, being attracted by the famous stories of gold so easily obtained in the far off coast of the Pacific, he went to California, remaining engaged in the mines for six years, and with substantial success. In 1855 he returned to Missouri, attended school and also taught until the outbreak of the war, and soon enlisted in the Confederate service in Hughes' regiment, 4th division, M. S. G. serving until his discharge some six months later. He participated in the battles of Carthage, Springfield, Dry Wood, Lexington, etc., and soon enlisted in Co. H, 2d Missouri infantry, C. S. A., this regiment afterwards being changed to the 8d Missouri infantry. With that command he took part in the engagements of Pea Ridge, Iuka, skirmishes about Corinth, Grand Gulf, Port Gibson, Champion's Hill, Big Black and Vicksburg. After the surrender he remained on detached service until the close of the war, then returning in June, 1865, to Livingston county. Up to 1870 he followed farming, then combining teaching with farming until 1882. Previous to this time, however, he had served as county assessor. In 1882, he was elected county clerk, and has since been the faithful incumbent of that position, his successful career in this capacity being heartily indorsed by all. He married, first, August 23, 1860, Miss Elizabeth Brooks, who was born in 1838 in Washington county, Mo. She died October 24, 1881, leaving six children, Jefferson D., John L., Rachel E., Margaret M., Thomas McFarland and Mary V. October 5, 1885, Mr. Brookshier was married to Miss Amanda J. Davis, who was born in Hendricks county, Ind., the daughter of Jno. and Anna Davis, nee Jones, the former a native of Kentucky, and the latter of Hendricks county Ind. Mr. R. is a member of the A. F. and A. M., and was made a Mason in California in 1855. Politically he is a Democrat. In his religious preferences he is a member of the M. E. Church South.

It was in 1848 that Mr. Brown accompanied his parents to Missouri and for over twenty-five years he has been a resident of Livingston county, his location in Chillicothe dating from the close of the war in 1865. His career since that time has been one well mid favorably known to the people of this community. For two years he was city marshall, and for four years he ran the mail line from here to Bethany and for a like period to Trenton. After this he engaged in the livery, 'bus and carriage business, carrying on this branch of trade until 1875, when he suffered the total destruction of his property by fire. Instead of being entirely discouraged by this misfortune, Phenix-like, he commenced to rise from these ashes, and has been rewarded for his perseverance, energy and toil. He now conducts one of the best equipped stables in Northwest Missouri and meets with a satisfactory patronage. Mr. Brown was born in Washington county, E. Tenn., April 25, 1833. His father, Gabriel Brown, a native of South Carolina, after going to Tennessee, married Miss Sarah Ann Bailees, of that State, and of the children born of this union one besides Gordon is living, Dr. T. J. Brown, of Batesville, Carroll county, Mo. In 1854 the father settled in Cooper county, Mo., and in 1858 event to Carroll county, coming thence to this county in 1860. Enlisting in Slack's command of the Confederate army soon after, he was killed at the battle of Lexington, September 12, 1861. Mrs. B. died in 1858. Gord. G. was reared on a farm, and from Carroll county he came here in 1859, settling in Fairview township. He entered the Federal army, in the 44th Missouri provisional troops, and served four years, part of the time as orderly in the provost marshal's office, and two years as quartermaster sergeant. His career since that time has been referred to. In February, 1859, Mr. Brown was married to Miss Rosanna F. Scott, daughter of the well known pioneer, Wesley Scott, the latter having been a charter member of Friendship Lodge No. 89, A. F. and A. M. Mrs. Brown was born in Jefferson county, O. They have three children: Gordie, a graduate of the Philadelphia Dental College; Minnie and Scott S. Three are deceased. Mr. B. is a Knight Templar in the Masonic Order. His grandfather Bailess served in the Revolutionary War under Washington, and Mr. Brown now has in his possession a horse pistol taken from the belt of the English general, Ferguson, who was killed at the battle of King's Mountain.

It has only been since 1878 that Mr. Butner has been a citizen of Livingston county, Mo., but during his eight years' residence here he has become as well known as any man in the community; and certain it is that no one has done more in the same time for the agriculturists of the county, as an individual, in the fair and favored prices paid for stock, than has Mr. Butner. The proof of this statement is best evidenced by the esteem in which he is held. Annually he ships frown 125 to 150 car loads of stock and each year he feeds from 100 to 125 head of steers. Since coming here he has been very successful, for he commenced life without means, but by industry, economy and superior judgment has accumulated a comfortable competency. His popularity, too, has been attested by his call to occupy official positions; for three successive terms he was mayor of Chillicothe. Into whatever he undertakes he throws his whole soul, and weather or circumstances seem to be no obstacle to him. The results of his own experience more than justify his own judgment as a stockman of the advantages offered by Livingston county as a stock center; and smith his knowledge of this business and considering the success he has always achieved, it is certainly not too much to expect a more than ordinarily bright future for him in this line of trade. Mr. Butner was born in Madison county, Ky., April 4, 1831, his father being Wm. Butner, also a Kentuckian by birth, and a tiller of the soil. Margaret Belcher was the maiden name of his mother, she also having been born in the Blue Grass State. Her death occurred in Missouri but her husband died in his native State. For many years John W. followed the occupation to which he was reared - that of farming, not embarking in the stock business until his location in this county. Not only from a personal standpoint is he accorded a worthy place among those of this county, but as a citizen, progressive, enterprising, and liberal in everything he does; and he is always ready to contribute of his means when necessity makes known her wants. Politically he is a Democrat. Mr. Butner was married October 8, 1853, to Miss Hannah McWilliams, like himself of Kentucky. They have two children: Almira C., wife of S. R. Park; and Elizabeth J., now Mrs. J. L. Buford. Mr. B. has long been a member of the Masonic Order. His wife is a most estimable lady and is held in hardly less esteem than himself.

Born in Rappahannock county, Va., October 1, 1853, Lewis A. Chapman was the son of John Chapman, a Virginian by birth, who upon leaving his native State removed to Missouri, settling in Livingston county in 1856. After a few years' residence he removed to Pike county, Mo., where he died in August, 1867. His wife, formerly Miss Jemima Nolan, also came originally from the Old Dominion. She was the mother of four children, one of whom died in infancy. The others besides the subject of this sketch are Gustavus A., an attorney of Weston, Mo., and Oliver J., an attorney of Breckinridge. Lewis A. in growing up had access to the excellent schools of this county, his course as a student being marked by close application to his studies and by that clear and practical comprehension of the principles involved in the various branches which have marked his subsequent career as a lawyer. A determination to devote himself to the practice of the legal profession led him to commence the study of law under Mr. Ulrich Sloan, and after a thorough preparatory course he was admitted to the bar in February, 1870. For some four or five years following this Mr. Chapman was engaged in teaching school, but in 1876 he commenced the active practice of his profession, in which he has since been engaged. For some time he was connected with Hon. H. M. Pollard. Among other official positions which he has occupied might be mentioned those of councilman and also city attorney. In the conduct of his practice Mr. C. is faithful and laborious almost to a fault. He spares no pains in the preparation of his cases, thoroughly investigating the points in dispute, the law bearing upon the decisions of the courts, and the testimony adduced. Though a clear, forcible speaker, he depends less on the argument of a case than on the plain, practical, common-sense manner in which it is presented to the jury, and his eminent success at the bar is due mainly to his clear-headed, common-sense methods of practice. He relies, too, more on industry and a thorough understanding of the law and the facts involved in his cases than an flashy, brilliant coup d' etat as a practitioner, or eloquence as an advocate, though at the same time he is an advocate of no inferior rank. March 15, 1877, Mr. Chapman was married to Miss Luella F. Benson, who was born in this county, the daughter of Ira Benson, originally from Maryland. Her mother's maiden name was Sarah Munro, whose father, George Munro, was an early settler of the county. Mr. Chapman has been a member of the Baptist Church for 19 years. He belongs to the I. O. O. F. and the A. O. U. W., in which he is a Master Workman.

Henry C. Clem, the senior representative of this well established house, was born in Fairfield county, O., April 2, 1838, his parents being Joseph G. and Josina T. (Pierce) Clem. In the fall of 1856 they left the Buckeye State and settled in Adair county, Mo., from whence they came to Caldwell county, locating near Breckinridge the following spring. From that point the father enlisted as a soldier in the 2d Missouri State militia under McNeill, and during this time was assistant quartermaster, taking part in engagements at various places in Missouri, among others that of Cape Girardeau. Five children besides Henry C. were in the parents' family and all of the boys joined the Union army. Harry was a member of the 2d Ohio infantry, took part in several important battles and was killed at Cheat Mountain; Van P. and James G. were in the E. M. M., and the latter narrowly escaped an attack from three of Bill Anderson's men, being slightly wounded near Breckinridge. Henry C. has two sisters, Kate and Fannie. Upon the call for troops to assist in the defense of the country, he was prompt in entering the service, becoming a member of the 7th Missouri cavalry volunteers, commanded by Col. Dan. Houston, a nephew of the well known general, Sam. Houston, and was engaged in the battles at Prairie Grove, Van Buren, Brownsville, Little Rook end Princeton, Ark., and at Spring Hill he was wounded October 26, 1861. Until his discharge, in 1864, Mr. Clem made an honorable career as a soldier, ever being found at his post of duty, ready for action. Upon leaving the army he returned to Caldwell county, and up to 1869 gave his attention to farming, an occupation which he continued after his removal to Livingston county until 1878. In that year he came to Chillicothe and engaged in his present business, which, owing largely to his able management, has been greatly increased in extent. The establishment of which he is a member is located on South Locust street, and here Messrs. Clem & Corwin are doing a prosperous business. Mr. C. is a member of the I. O. O. F. and also belongs to Tyndall, Post No. 29, G. A. R.

Luther T. Collier, for some 34 years a resident, of Livingston county and long identified with its professional affairs, is numbered among the most thorough and successful practitioners in this vicinity. A native-born citizen of Missouri, his birth occurred December 16, 1825, in Howard county, his parents being Lewis and Judith Collier, nee Cornelius, the latter a daughter of Abner Cornelius, of Jessamine county, Ky. Lewis Collier first saw the light in Madison county, Ky., in 1802, end he continued to remain in the Blue Grass State until after reaching his majority, then coming to Howard county, Mo. During his lifetime he gave his attention to agricultural pursuits, the growing of tobacco and the conduct of a tanyard. About the year 1851 he purchased land in Livingston county and in 1853 removed upon it, erecting a mill soon after on Medicine creek, which was known as Collier's Mill. Up to the time of his demise in March, 1881, Mr. Collier, Sr., resided in the vicinity of this mill. Besides Luther there were two other children in the family: Abner A. is now a practicing physician of Gentryville, Mo., and Mary E., who married Dr. H. P. Benning, lives at Callao, Macon county, Mo. Luther accompanied his father from Howard to Randolph county when young and there it was that he spent his youth, the time being passed to good advantage in farm employment and in the local schools. He was favored with excellent opportunities to cultivate and improve his mind and these he did not fail to improve, supplementing his primary course of instruction by attendance at the State University at Columbia, commencing in 1842, from which he was graduated in 1846, being valedictorian of his class. At an early age Mr. Collier manifested a marked taste and preference for information in the direction of the legal profession and therefore it was not strange that he should carry out this purpose in a systematic manner. Reading first under the instruction of Judge Wm. T. Wood, of Lexington, Mo., he afterwards went to St. Louis and entered the office of Gamble & Bates, with whom he continued until his admission to the bar in 1850. In the spring of 1851 he located at Huntsville, but since 1852 be has been engaged in the active practice of his profession at Chillicothe, where his career has been characterized by substantial success. He has followed his practice with that industry, energy and integrity that could not fail of commanding for him the respect and confidence of the courts and the public, a matter of the first importance to a lawyer. Mr. Collier has been much interested in educational matters and has served as a member of the school board and under Gov. Hardin was one of the board of curators of the State University. In 1882 he was elected to the Thirty-second General Assembly, serving his constituents and the people generally with great credit and to the satisfaction of all. June 13, 1856, Mr. Collier was married to Miss Lizzie A. Fuqua, a daughter of Capt. Samuel Fuqua, of Logan county, Ky. For many years she was an invalid until death relieved her suffering October 17, 1884. Mr. C. owns besides city property a farm of 250 acres and also a portion of the old homestead.

As might naturally be expected, mention is made in the present work of many citizens of Livingston county now prominent in their different calling who were born in the county and whose homes have always been here. Mr. Cooper is one of these, and his experience refers to the agricultural interests of the county. Born on the 19th of December, 1841, he was the son of John and Sarah Cooper, nee Boucher, the former a Kentuckian by birth, and the latter originally from Tennessee. Twelve children were born of their marriage. Subsequently the father, who was a farmer by calling, married a second time, this wife bearing him three children. He was a very early settler in Missouri, and upon conning to this State took up a location in Ray county, from whence he soon after moved to Livingston. This was in a primitive period of the county's history, and few of the pioneer settlers of this vicinity are now living who do not remember John Cooper. His son, John Y., has ever given farming his time and attention. It is the calling to which he was reared, and in which his father achieved success, and it is but to be supposed that he would meet with substantial results in the same capacity. His farm now contains 80 acres of well improved land. In 1867 Mr. Cooper was married to Miss Amanda Lile, also of this county, whose death occurred in 1870; she left two children, Joseph and William. In 1876 Mr. C. took for his second wife Miss Armilda Burns, originally from Ohio, a daughter of C. Burns, Esq. By this union they have four children: Calvary, LeRoy, Sultana and Nancy. One exception should have been made concerning Mr. Cooper's continuous residence in this county. In 1864 he took a trip to Montana and spent nearly three years in that country occupied principally in his chosen avocation.

Mr. Cooper, still less than 32 years of age, but holding, nevertheless, one of the most important and responsible offices in the county, is discharging the duties of this position with an energy, efficiency and ability surpassed by few, if any, public officials. Since the age of 19 he has been in public life, for then he became deputy county clerk and continued to serve as such until the first of January, 1883; in the meantime, however, he had been elected county recorder in November, 1882, and this position he has continued to occupy to the present time. Mr. Cooper was born July 20, 1854, in Grundy county, Mo., his parents being Kentuckians by birth. Thomas W. Cooper, the father, early removed to Missouri; his death occurred in the mining districts of Montana. The mother, whose maiden name was Margaret Rochester, is also deceased, her death having taken place when Net was young. There were three children in the family: Richard O. is now in Idaho Territory; Lucy is the wife of Peter Basche, of Baker City, Ore. The subject of this sketch was brought up by his grandparents, James H. and Jane Cooper, and at an early period in life he began clerking in a store, where he remained until 19 years old. His career since that time has been noted above. April 27, 1882, Mr. Cooper quarried Miss Nannie Poindexter, daughter at Dr. E. S. Poindexter. She was born in Tennessee. Mr. and Mrs. C. have one child, Virgil. Mr. Cooper is among the most active young Democrats in Livingston county. Personally he is held in the highest esteem. Everybody has a good word for him, and his obliging and courteous manners have made for him many friends.

Like his present partner in business, Mr. H. C. Clem, a brief outline of whose life precedes this, Mr. Corwin has also had a military experience, and one to which he can refer with reasonable pride, for it was attended with many difficulties, hardships and privations, and, indeed, of unusual severity. A mere boy when he offered his services to his country, he enlisted when 17 years of age in Co. D, 52d Illinois infantry, participating in the battles of Shiloh, first and second Corinth, Kenesaw Mountain, Peach Tree Creek, Atlanta, Jonesboro, with Sherman on his march to the sea, and witnessed the surrender of the last leading Confederate general, Johnston. His father, Geo. E. Corwin, was also in the United States service during the war, entering the 8th Illinois cavalry in 1862, of which he was veterinary surgeon, and remaining with that command until 1865. The senior Corwin was a native of the Empire State and a cousin of the celebrated Thomas Corwin, of Ohio fame. He emigrated to Illinois in the spring of 1845, followed his trade of brick mason with success and became quite prominent in politics, serving as sheriff of. Kane county, that State, for many years. He was twice married, his first wife, formerly Miss Mary Smith, of New York, who died about 1839, having borne him three children, only one of whom survives, Mary A., wife of E. B. Rorick, of Morenci, Mich. Mr. C. was afterwards married to Miss Olive L. Smith, and by this union they had the following children: Sevellon A., Patience K., now Mrs. Harry Moore, of Brookfield, Mo.; George F., a resident of Richfield, Kan.; Emma and Elliott, both died in infancy; and Minnie, who become the wife of Rev. M. H. Butler, of the Methodist Episcopal Church, but died in Brookfield, Mo., in 1884, leaving one child, Lilly. Sevellon A. Corwin owes his nativity to Jefferson, Tompkins county, N. Y., where he was born October 9, 1843, and consequently he was but an infant when taken by his father to Illinois. There he remained until joining the army, and after leaving that he took up his residence in this county, devoting himself to farming until embarking in his present business in December, 1883. The results in this line have more than justified his expectations, for a substantial and growing custom has already been built up, and every month gives additional proof that the business is secure from all doubts as to its success. Mr. C. was married in September, 1867, to Miss Angeline Rudolph, daughter of Peter Rudolph, an old settler here, and three children have been given them, Frank R., Mattie M. and Adelbert E. Mr. Corwin belongs to the Masonic Order, Tyndall Post of the G. A. R. and the Good Templars. He is a strong advocate of temperance, and politically a Republican, having held several offices.

It would hardly be possible to write a history of this portion of Missouri without mentioning on its pages the Cox family, for it is a widely distributed family, and its representatives wherever they reside are generally people of more or less consideration or prominence. Indeed some of its members have been so closely associated with Livingston county from a pioneer day that their mention necessitates a history of the county. Abel Cox, a worthy descendant of honored ancestors, was born in Ross county, O., March 19, 1818. His father, Joseph Cox, came originally from North Carolina, as did also his mother, whose maiden name was Amy Baker. The former was one of the early settlers in Ohio, having left his native State to remove to Virginia, from whence he went to Kentucky and subsequently to the Buckeye State, where his attention was directed to farming, In 1818 he took up his location in Ray county, Mo., and from there came to Livingston county in 1833, this continuing to be his home for many years. In 1851 he went to Texas, and continued to reside in that State until his death in 1864. He was a worthy man and by all highly esteemed. His estimable wife died in 1858, leaving nine children living: Solomon B., in Texas; John, since deceased; Mary, wife of Allen P. Lile; Isom, Abel, William, in Caldwell county; Malinda, now Mrs. Isaac Shriver; Jane, who married a Mr. Cox of Texas, and Andrew B., also now deceased. Mr. Cox owned a section of land in this county and was actively engaged in farming. His son John built the first water mill in the county, and the first county court was held in his (Joseph's) barn. Young Abel has resided in this community since boyhood, and has become well and favorably known to many citizens here. Up to the age of 25 years he followed farming, and then was elected county clerk after the office was separated from that of circuit clerk, the first incumbent of the position here. For 12 years he discharged his official duties in a creditable manner, and besides this he has also filled other offices. During the years 1852 - 55 he was occupied in merchandising, but not with very good success. He afterwards served on the judicial bench of the county for seven years, then resigned his position and resumed farming, and at this time he owns 120 acres of land, and a prominent feature of this place is a coal band, the first one opened in the county, a 22-inch vein of fine quality. By prospecting lower and at a distance of 83 feet a 5-foot vein was found. Another thing which should not be omitted is the presence on his land of several fine mineral springs, which are becoming quite a resort for private parties. Preparations are now going on towards the improvement of these springs in such a manner as will make them still more attractive. Their medicinal properties are not exceeded by any in the State. Mr. Cox was a soldier in both the Heatherly and Mormon Wars. With the advent of the Milwaukee and St. Paul Railroad, his land underlaid with coal and abounding in fine mineral springs, his outlook for the future is all that could be desired. Mr. C. was married March 9, 1844, to Miss Sarah M. Caldwell, who was born in Ohio. They have four children: Sarah Ann, wife of John W. Shotwell, of Henry county; John C., Nancy Cordelia, now Mrs. W. L. Myers, and Susan Alice, who married William Adams.

In the sketch which immediately precedes this, that of the brother of the subject of this biography, Abel Cox, an extended outline of the family to which he belongs is given. As will be seen by referring to that article, the Cox family have long been worthily associated with the affairs of Livingston county, and Isom is without doubt one of its oldest residents. It goes without saying, therefore, that he is among the county's most respected citizens for his residence here of over half a century has given him a warm place in the hearts of those who knew him so many years ago. Joseph Cox, his father, and Amy Baker, his mother, were natives of North Carolina, removing from there to Virginia, thence to Kentucky and finally to Ohio. In 1818 they settled in Ray county, Mo., and lived there until coming to this county in 1833. The father's death occurred in 1864 in Texas, whither he had gone in 1851; the mother died in 1858, and in the sketch already referred to the names of the children which she left are given. Isom Cox owes his nativity to Ohio, where he was born October 7, 1815. He accompanied his parents from that State to Ray county, Mo., upon their removal there, and since 1833 he has been located in Livingston county, actively and closely occupied with agricultural affairs. His present estate embraces 147 acres, well adapted for the purposes of general farming, in which he is so much interested. By reason of his early settlement here Mr. Cox participated in many hunting expeditions and other sports of those times, and even now his recital of the experiences which he his undergone in the killing of deer, bears and panthers is of sufficient interest to wish to spend a long time in his presence. Mr. Cox has been twice married; first, in 1840, to Miss Elvira Weber, originally from the Buckeye State, who died in 1846 leaving one child, Harriet Elizabeth, now Mrs. W. B. Wilson. In 1849 Miss Elizabeth D. Littlepage became his wife, her native State and county being Alleghany county, Va. By this union there are four children: Jane M., wife of C. H. Burns; Sterling P. and Charles Lee, twins, and Joseph B.

In business affairs the career of Mr. Crellin has been one unprecedented in the history of Livingston county. Still comparatively a young man, not much past the age of 30 years, he has reached a position among longer experienced and older business men that would he a credit to any person, and is especially so to Mr. C. for he deserves all his success. Born in Ohio, July 9, 1854, he comes of English ancestry. Henry Crellin, his grandfather, was a native of England and upon emigrating to America settled in Philadelphia, when his son, William, the father of William E., was but three years old. He had been born in England, September 19, 1820, and after settling in the Quaker City remained there until going to Steubenville, O., where his father conducted a shoe store. Following the desire already entertained to practice medicine, he read with Dr. Pyle, of Jefferson county, O., and attended medical lectures at Cleveland, his graduation occurring in 1846. Almost, immediately after this event Dr. Crellin commenced practicing at Middleton, O., and in a short time went to West Lebanon, from whence in two years he took up his residence in Sandyville. For 20 years he successfully practiced his chosen profession there, gaining an enviable reputation as a physician of thorough merit and learning. In 1868 he came to this county and this has since been his home. His wife's maiden name was Miss Virginia Emerson, formerly of the District of Columbia. They have had four children: Aurelia C., now Mrs. J. W. Botts; William E., Edwin M. and Florence. William E. accompanied his parents to this county and subsequently began to learn the trade of jeweler, in which he has become a skilled workman. In 1875 he started in business for himself and the success which has since attended his efforts has not been surpassed by that of any man in the county. His stock would do credit to a much larger city than Chillicothe, while the quality of the goods carried speaks well both for his teste in selection and the demands of his patrons. His building is admirably adapted to the business; and he deals in all articles generally found in a first-class jewelry store. Outside of valuable property which he owns Mr. Crellin has 292 acres of farming land. All his possessions are the result of his own individual industry and wise business management. He has represented the city twice in the council, once as councilman at large and also as representative from the Fourth ward. In 1885 he was elected mayor, and the universal verdict is that he has made a good official and given general satisfaction. He is prominently identified with both the A. F. and A. M. and K. of P. fraternities.

Before becoming engaged in the occupation which now receives his attention Mr. Curry had successfully conducted a livery stable in Chillicothe, but his inclinations led him to purchase 110 acres of land south of town, and this he has since managed to good advantage, being interested in the raising of stock in connection with his general farming operations. His father, James Curry, was an influential agriculturist of the Keystone State for many years, his death occurring there in , 1882. His first wife, Miss Agnes Patterson, also a native of Pennsylvania, bore him nine children: John is a farmer of, Wisconsin; Elizabeth is Mrs. James Robertson, of Pennsylvania; Hugh is a mechanic at Harrisburg, Pa.; Robert is a brakeman in his native State; Jane married John Stultz, of Pennsylvania; Henry is a farmer in Minnesota, and George and Abram reside at their old home. Robert, Henry, George, Abram and Willison were among the first volunteers to enlist when the alarm of civil war spread terror throughout the Union, and each one fought continuously from 1861 until the army was disbanded in 1865, not a wound having been inflicted upon any one of them. About the year 1852 James Curry took for his second wife Jane Stewart, and she became the mother of three children: Margaret and Vina died in infancy and Harvey located at Chillicothe, Mo., in April, 1885. After the death of his second wife Mr. C. was again married in 1859, and three children were born of this union; James L., Laura and Mary. Willison, the youngest child by his father's first marriage, was born in Allegheny county, Pa., June 2, 1840, and received a common school education. Almost before arriving at manhood he entered Co. B, 1st Maryland cavalry, took part in the terrible battles of the Potomac and was honorably discharged in 1865. Subsequently he removed to Ohio, obtained work in the machine shops at Kent, but later on, the reports which had reached

him of Missouri caused him to come here, his settlement in Chillicothe dating froth 1868. Mr. Curry has never aspired to political honor, preferring rather to devote his time and energy to his business. His preferences, however, are with the Republican party. He is a man whose interests are almost inseparable from the interests of the county.

James Luckey Davis, well and favorably known in this vicinity, and, indeed, throughout this portion of the State, was one of seven children born of the marriage of John H. and Permelia (Risen) Davis. The father was an established physician, and a native of Raleigh, N. C., which place he left to locate at Lebanon, Tenn., and subsequently he settled at Alexandria, that State. In 1841 he removed to Nashville, where his death occurred in 1845. He left five children, and of these James L. was the third child and son, His mother, who was of Virginia nativity, died in 1848. The subject of this sketch was born September, 1832, at Alexandria, DeKalb county, Tenn. He was reared in Nashville, where also be received his earlier education, commencing active business life as a printer in the oboe of the Nashville Orthopolitan. After connection with other journals in the same city he removed to Springfield, Tenn., and there published the Springfield Intelligencer from 1853 to 1856, and in the latter year, upon going to Lebanon, Tenn., he embarked in the brick trade, an enterprise which he successfully conducted until 1858. In the fall of that year, having long entertained a desire to study the legal profession, he entered the law department of the Cumberland Presbyterian University, at Lebanon, from which, after a thorough course of instruction, he was graduated in January, 1860. The month following Mr. Davis made a settlement at Gallatin, Mo., opening a law office and devoting himself to the practice of his profession there until coming to Chillicothe in 1879. From that time to the present he has closely adhered to his chosen calling, pursuing his way quietly, but steadily, and with results which have been most deserving. The cause of temperance has found in him an ardent supporter and in various ways has he contributed towards the advancement and spread of this movement, making many warm, earnest talks in its interests, and working personally in its behalf. In this work he is warmly seconded by his worthy wife, formerly Miss Letitia M. Thomas, daughter of Dr. Archibald Thomas, of Springfield, Tenn. Mrs. D. was born in Robertson county, that State, her marriage occurring December 28, 1854. Religiously Mr. Davis is a Methodist - member of the M. E. Church South. In politics he is a Democrat, a party to which he has ever belonged and in whose support he has taken lively interest. It is but the utterance of an established truth to say that his many deserving qualities have gained for him numerous friends.

Away back over half a century ago there might have been seen on the road between Pennsylvania and Ohio, a party of six persons all walking and carrying such articles as were necessary to life. That party consisted of John Dennis and wife, formerly Rachael Bishop, and four of their children, who were emigrating from Philadelphia westward, Cincinnati being their destination. These were the parents of Samuel Dennis, the subject of this sketch. He was born in Butler county, O., March 23, 1810, his father being originally from Pennsylvania. and a cooper by trade, and his mother a native of New Jersey. They had ten children, five sons and five daughters, of whom Samuel B. was the sixth child. He was reared in the Buckeye State on a farm near Oxford, until 1832, and then went to Schuyler county, Ill., where he lived and followed tanning for some years. In 1844, he removed to Lee county, Ia., and after a residence there of two or three years he came to Livingston county, Mo., in 1846, first purchasing forty acres of land. To this he has since added from time to time until he now owns, in connection with his son, 800 acres an estate not only of large proportions but excellent in itself. Upon it is a fine sugar maple grove of three hundred trees, and here he makes considerable syrup, the quality of which is unsurpassed. Mr. Dennis was married to Miss Lucinda Claypool, of Iowa, at the time of her marriage, but a native of Illinois. To them four children have been born: Loretta A., George W. and Mary Catherine are living and Columbus Ohio died in 1882. The eldest son, George W., manages the farming operations, and is in every way a thorough-going agriculturist and is meeting with good success. The father has been an energetic, hard-working man all his life and is now enjoying the result of his labors. He is of a genial, whole-souled nature, very hospitable and ever ready to appreciate no anecdote. Strong in his prejudices, he is however a warm friend and at the same time a bitter enemy. He is very handy with tools and is able to do almost anything in that line. In politics a stanch Republican, during the war he was a strong Union man. George W. Dennis is a native of this county and was also reared here.

One of the grandest and noblest features of the Holy Apostolic Church is the profound and lasting influence she exerts, and has ever exerted, upon the hearts and consciences of all people among whom she carries the standard of the Cross. Wherever the Catholic Church obtains, men and women are attracted to her by the irresistible power of her own truth and righteousness - some raised up for the priesthood, others for the holy orders of noble sisters - all devoted to an undivided life for the service of the church and the cause of Christ. Only one among the tens of thousands to devote themselves to the service of the church is Rev. Father Clemantine Deyman, who has endeared himself to all who have made his acquaintance since his location in Chillicothe. A native of Hanover, Germany, he was born June 24, 1856, his father, Gerhardt Deyman, of the same place, having been a farmer in comfortable circumstances. The youth of his son was passed in the country of his birth until 1863, when he came to the United States, making his home for some time in St. Louis. Afterwards he took studies in St. Joseph's College, Teutopoles, Kingham county, III., pursuing his studies until he entered the Franciscan community December 8, 1867. On the 19th of May, 1872, he was ordained priest and for six years occupied a position as professor in the college, or from 1873 to 1879. The three succeeding years up to 1882 he acted as chaplain of the Illinois State Penitentiary and for two years superior of the community and director of the Sisters of St. Francis at that place. August 19, 1882, Father Clemantine came to Chillicothe, and his labors here since that time have been greatly prospered. The community with which he is connected is doing a work of invaluable worth and merit and consists of three priests and three brothers. Father Clemantine is assisted by Father Hugo Fessler and Father Patrick Degraa, the former of whom attends to outside missions at Utica, Breckinridge, Milan and Unionville; Father Patrick ministers to those at Brunswick, Sumner, the Hogan settlement and other stations. Brothers Godfried, Titus and Robert act respectively as sexton, gardner and cook. An earnest priest, and zealous in his lifework, Father Clemantine is at the same time a kind and generous-hearted man, esteemed by the community at large for his many estimable qualities only less than by those with whom he is more intimately associated. A close student, he has written several works of decided merit.

Though still comparatively a young man Mr. Dixon commands the good opinions of all around him, and since personal respect is the key to success in every department of life, journalistic no less than the legal or official, he has that assurance of success beyond peradventure. At an early age he commenced to apply himself with great energy and perseverance to the study of 1aw, continuing it up to his admission to the bar in 1871, he at that time being but nineteen years of age. From that time to the present he has been numbered among the promising young members of the bar in Chillicothe, considerable attention now being given to the pension business. In September, 1878, Mr. Dixon became connected with the Crisis, a paper of Democratic proclivities, which he at once changed to a Greenback sheet, and of the principles of this party it has since been a warm and able advocate. The paper is largely and, indeed, mostly the product of his own pains and energy, built up from unfortunate circumstances and surroundings but nevertheless substantially improved, until now it is an excellent journal. He is a man of no little prominence as a Greenbacker, and in 1884 made the race for Secretary of Statute, as the representative of that party, polling votes to the number of 204,000. Mr. Dixon was born January 27, 1851, in Putnam county, O., and is the son of John and Mary J. (Adams) Dixon, both natives of Knox county, O. The former was a lawyer by profession, and in 1868 he came to Chillicothe, identifying himself with other practitioners here until his death August 12, 1884. Paul J. was the sixth child and third son in their family of 10 children, of whom eight grew to maturity. From 1863 he has passed his time in this locality, obtaining guide and favorable acquaintance. November 1, 1875, Mr. Dixon married Miss Emma E. Miller, originally from Callaway county, this State. Their three children are named Frank, Thomas A. and May E. In 1875 Mr. D. was elected a member of the city council.

The name of Dockery is not an unfamiliar one to the citizens of this portion of Missouri, for one of its most prominent politicians is Alex. M. Dockery, a man whose name is almost a household word in this part of the State. And it is his father, Rev. Willis E. Dockery whose biography is briefly presented herewith. The latter was born in Garrett county, Ky., February 5, 1823, the son of Alexander Dockery, a Kentuckian by birth, who settled in Livingston county, Mo., in 1834. He followed the occupation of farming and stock raising until his death in October, 1852. Nancy Ware was the maiden name of the mother of Willis, and she, too, came originally from the Blue Grass State. He was one of four children in the family, the others being Paulina, wife of Gideon Emery, of Grundy county, Mo.; Mahala Ann, who married Alex. Dockery, of this county, and Sarah Elizabeth, now Mrs. John Davidson, also of this county. Alexander Dockery was constable in this county for four years; at his death he left an estate numbering 640 acres, having been very successful in his operations. His religious preferences were with the Baptists, to which church he belonged, and in which he was a deacon. Politically he was a Whig. Willis E. Dockery was reared in the community where he now makes his home, and from an early age was taught farming as an occupation. In 1844 he was licensed to preach the Gospel, and in 1851 he was ordained a deacon and the following year an elder. His entire life has been spent in the ministry and he has become well known for his earnest piety, his zeal in the cause of religion and his ability and success as an able, faithful preacher. In 1848 he joined the Missouri conference and has since supplied churches from Nebraska City to St. Charles and from the Iowa State line to the Missouri river, serving as pastor at stations, on missions and districts, and for twelve years as presiding elder. January 13, 1842, Mr. Dockery was married to Miss Sarah McHaney, of Missouri, and they have one son, Alexander M. Dockery.

The latter was born February 11, 1846, in Livingston county, and here grew up, obtaining a good education in the common schools and Macon Academy. After choosing the profession of medicine as his life calling, he read with Dr. White of Keytesville, and subsequently matriculated at the Missouri medical College, from which he was graduated in the class of 1865. He also attended a course of lectures at Jefferson Medical College, of New York, during 1866 and 1867, and in the latter year commenced practicing at Linneus, Mo., from whence he came to Chillicothe. Later, however, he entered into the banking business at Gallatin, and continued it up to the time of his election to represent his district in Congress. In 1884 he was still further honored by again being placed in a like position. In 1884 Mr. Dockery was married to Miss Mary E. Bird, whose father, Greenup Bird, was a former resident of Chillicothe. They mourn the loss of seven children which have been born to this union.

From this brief and incomplete review of the life record of Dr. Dorsey will be seen that his tisane from youth up has not been uselessly or idly spent. His birth occurred in Baltimore, Md., August 24, 1830. His father, also Dennis B. Dorsey, himself came originally from Baltimore county and there and in Virginia he was reared as a farmer. When about twenty years of age he was licensed to preach by the Methodist Conference. For a considerable time previous to this there had been no little controversy in the church concerning church polity, and the leaders on the side of the new movement were called Reformers. Mr. Dorsey read carefully the reform publications and was arraigned before the conference for the views be advocated, a movement which resulted in a vote that he should be reprimanded in open conference and that he should discontinue taking and reading the reform documents; and also that he should refrain from expressing his views. This latter he would not accede to and was consequently suspended and afterwards expelled from the conference. Large numbers left the M. E. Church, and organized the Methodist Protestant Church, electing Mr. D. editor of the paper representing the tenets of their doctrine. But being in feeble health and unable to stand itinerant work, he was induced to commence the study of medicine, and with the celebrated Dr. S. K. Jennings, as preceptor, prepared himself for attendance at Washington Medical College, of Baltimore, from which institution he was graduated later on. For 30 years afterwards he was engaged in active practice, part of the time at Wheeling, Va., and also at Steubenville, O. In the spring of 1860 he died at Fairmont, W. Va. His wife was formerly Miss Frances Purdue, of Center county, Pa., the daughter of Dr John Purdue, who followed his chosen profession in that county for many years; she died in 1853. Dennis B., the subject of this sketch, the second son and child of 11 children in his parents' family, grew up in Wheeling, W. Va., and Steubenville, O., passing his early life in acquiring an education, first in the public schools and afterwards in Scott's Seminary, of Steubenville. In the latter city he learned the printer's trade in the Herald office, and also commenced reading medicine with his father. In early manhood he entered the ministry of the Methodist Protestant Church and devoted some 20 years of his life to this calling, but at intervals he practiced medicine, having in the mean-time attended lectures at Miami Medical College, of Cincinnati. When the war broke out he had charge of the church at Morgantown, Va., but deeming it his duty to enter military service, he was commissioned by Gov. Pierrepont, surgeon of the 3d Virginia infantry and served in that capacity until the latter part of 1862, then resigning on account of impaired health. He was subsequently pastor of the church at Fairmont and then assumed editorial charge of his denominational paper at Springfield, O., where he remained some two years, finally returning to the pastorate of the church at Fairmont. In 1868 Dr. Dorsey came to Chillicothe and engaged in the drug business a short time, but in February, 1869, he became editor of the Chillicothe Tribune, in which capacity he acted until May, 1885. Then he was appointed city clerk and recorder and is now discharging his official duties in a manner above reproach. Since coming to Missouri the Doctor united with the M. E. Church and has served as pastor of several charges though without changing his home or interfering with his editorial work. While in the M. P. Church be frequently acted as secretary of the annual conference to which he belonged, and was the secretary of one general conference. He was a member of the general convention, which met at Wheeling in the early part of 1861 to endeavor to keep the State in the Union, and was also a member of the convention which reorganized the government of Virginia and chose the officers of the State, headed by Gov. Pierrepont. And a fact not to be overlooked is that he was the mover of the first resolution in the convention looking to the organization of the State of West Virginia, an item of interest which is mentioned in Horace Greeley's work, "American Convict." October 24, 1854, Dr. Dorsey was married to Miss Margaret Gray, daughter at Jacob Gray, of Halfmoon Valley, Center county, Pa.; her father had eight children in his family, all girls (six being by his first marriage), who with one exception married Methodist ministers. The Doctor and wife have five children living: Frank B., a practicing physician at Salem, Daviess county; Gray, a physician at Spring Hill; Luella, Eva and Purdue. Two are deceased, George W. and Edward. Dr. D. has ever been a stanch Republican and has rendered his party efficient service. He has long been a valuable contributor to magazines and various newspapers.

The career of Mr. Field presents an example of industry, perseverance and good management, rewarded by substantial results, well worthy of imitation by young men who start out as he did without means to begin on or the influence of wealthy friends to help him along. At a pioneer day in her history he removed from the Blue Grass State to Monroe county, Mo., in 1836, and lived there for three years, then changing his residence to Grundy county in 1839. With the early development and interest of that county he was also prominently identified, and among other things he was the first to sow clover blue grass there. He also conducted a mill for some time and in 1865 he came to this county, which has since numbered him among her most substantial citizens. The stock interests especially found in him a warm friend, for to this industry he gave considerable attention, particularly to mules. Upon the organization of Mercer county he was one of the commissioners appointed to select the seat of justice, and largely through his efforts the town of Princeton was chosen and elected. Mr. Field is a typical Kentuckian, hospitable, social, free-handed, and a man whom everybody esteems. His birth occurred in the Blue Grass State June 27, 1812. His parents, John and Lavinia Field, nee Shortridge, were also Kentuckians by nativity and brought their son up to learn the rudiments of farm life. For some years, however, be was engaged in cutting special orders in lumber. In 1833 his marriage to Miss Melissa Shortridge occurred, she also having been born in Kentucky, and some three years after this event Mr. F. became a citizen of Missouri. During the war he lost heavily through depredations of unprincipled men of both sides, though since then has recovered largely from the effects of these misfortunes. In 1885 after a lifetime of active and energetic labor, Mr. Field retired from the duties of busy life and is now enjoying the comforts of the competence which his years of toil have brought him. His residence is in the northern part of town. On account of ill health Mr. Field went to California in 1869 and remained away three years. The family of himself and wife consists at two children: Lizzie, now a widow, Mrs. McGuire, living near Chillicothe, and John, one of the sterling agriculturists of Livingston county.

There is generally more or less similarity in the sketches of the lives of those who have for the most part been engaged in agricultural pursuits from boyhood; but Mr. Flaherty's career, while principally an agricultural one, has been interspersed with occupations of different natures, sufficient to render him well posted with different affairs, peoples, etc. One of the native-born citizens at the county, he remained here up to 1864, but in that year a desire to travel led him to go to Montana, where he remained until 1870. During that time he was occupied in freighting, working in the mines, etc., and this has proved to have been of much profit to him. After his return he resumed his farming operations and has continued that calling to the present. His homestead contains 200 acres, well adapted to the purposes of general farming, and while his buildings may not be as pretentious as others in the county, they are commodious, neat and convenient and always kept in good condition. Indeed, this seems to be one of Mr. F.'s marked characteristics - to have everything about his place in order. As has been intimated be was born in Livingston county November 16, 1840, his father being Patrick Flaherty, a native of Ireland. He came to the United States when a young man and settled at New York, where he worked at his trade of brass turning and cabinet making. Subsequently he married Miss Ann Eliza Herriman, of New Jersey, after which he came to this county in 1838 and embarked in farming. His death occurred in 1842, one son having been born of this union, John A. In 1856 Mrs. Flaherty became the wife of James Hutchinson and she bore her husband one daughter, Lydia J., now Mrs. Henry Graham, of Colorado. Young John has always followed the calling to which he owns reared save for the time mentioned. On December 31, 1876, he took unto himself a wife in the person of Miss Arthelia A. Johns, of Muskingum county, O., who died in 1880, leaving two children, Frank Arthur and Mary Eliza. August 17, 1884, Mr. Flaherty was again married, to Jennie M. Hunter, of English nativity.

The entire life of Mr. Ford has been passed in an industrious manner, and not without substantial evidences of success, as will be seen from a glance at his present possessions. He is also numbered among those of Ohio nativity now in this county, having been born in Fairfield county, of the Buckeye State, August 17, 1819. Philip Ford, his father, was a Virginian by birth and first settled in the wilds of Ohio in 1812, there engaging in agricultural pursuits until his death, at the advanced age of 85 years. The maiden name at his wife was Elizabeth Callaghan, of Pennsylvania, who died when 83 years old. The following children were born to then: Nathan, died when 12 years old; Jesse, late a farmer of Findlay, O., but now of Emporia, Kan., married to Mary Powell and the father of seven children; Mary is the widow of Rev. Thos. Parker, who until his death in 1863 was a member of the North Ohio Conference of the M. E. Church; five children were given them; Samantha became the wife of Jacob Pickering, of Ohio, and their children are three in number; Priscilla is now Mrs. Mahlon Conine, of Columbus, O., Philip, a graduate of Harvard Law University, is now a teacher in Indiana; Jennie was married to James Munger, of Ohio, where they are engaged in farming; and James, another brother of John, died in infancy. Mr. Ford also has one other sister, Nancy. His first occupation in life after growing up was that of teaching, and subsequently he began the publication of the Western Herald, of Findlay, O., in 1845. Soon after this, however, he sold his interest in this journal and resumed teaching, later on embarking in the railroad business. He was prominently associated with the building and locating of the Findlay branch of the Mad River and Lake Erie Railroad, afterwards served as conductor for 11 years, and finally became connected with the woolen mills of Carey, O., in which he continued until removing to Missouri in 1870. Here he is now interested in farming. Mr. Ford in 1846 married Miss Mary Howell, of Findlay, O., which union has been blessed with four children: Laura E., William T., Chas. F. and Mary. The twin sons are bridge builders by trade and are doing well. The youngest daughter remains at home. Mr. F. has been a leading member of the M, E. Church for several years. He is recognized as a substantial, solid citizen of Chillicothe.

In his farming operations in this county Mr. French has pursued the same progressive and enterprising principles which characterize the customs of those who are residents of Ohio - and, it must be admitted, Iowa also. He is a native of the Buckeye State, but was brought up in Van Buren county, Ia., to which latter community he was taken by his parents when a child, in 1842. Originally from Richland county, O., he was born September 12, 1840, of Scotch ancestry, and one of 11 children in the family. Enoch French, his father, after reaching manhood, was married to Miss Elizabeth Harford. Of their children, William died when 17 years old; Charles lives in Clark county, Mo.; Daniel is a resident of Crawford county, Kan.; Samuel is a citizen of Van Buren county, Ia., and so also is John Calvin; Mary is the wife of John Bolter, of Wheeling, Mo.; Anna married a Mr. Walker, but died in 1884; Allena died in the winter of 1850; Bertha still survives and is married to Geo. Putnam, and resides in Chillicothe, Mo.; Sarah died in Van Buren county, Ia., in 1850. David A. French, in July, 1861, joined the 3d Iowa cavalry, Co. B, and served until the close of the war, or for a period of four years and three months, taking part in many important battles of the war, among which might be mentioned those of Pea Ridge, Vicksburg, Champion's Hill, Big Black, Jackson, Coldwater, Little Rock, Nashville, and after several raids, the engagements of Selma, Montgomery, Columbus, Macon, at the latter place the regiment being informed of the armistice between Sherman and Johnston. The first engagement August 8, 1861, resulted in protecting the people about Athens, Mo., from a raid by Gen. Green's cavalry. The last of the 100 battles in which he participated was on April 16, 1865, and after this Mr. French returned to Van Buren county, la., living there some two months and then coming to Missouri. Here he was married to Miss Mary Weaver, eldest daughter of Clark and Amy Weaver, natives of Iowa, and cousin of Gen. J. B. Weaver, of National Greenback fame. Mrs. F. was born in Butler county, O., October 9, 1844, accompanied her parents on their removal to Davis county, la., and from there came to Clark county, Mo., where she was married and soon after removed to Livingston county, Mo. la the spring of 1867 Mr. French located where he now resides, four miles from Chillicothe, his place embracing 147 acres, under good cultivation and improvement. He and his wife have five children: Paul, born April 26, 1868, now in school at Avalon; Fred. C., born March 28, 1870; Bertha, born December 5, 1873; Mary E., born November 27, 1876, and Elizabeth, born January 8, 1883. Mr. French, wife and eldest son and daughter are members of the M. E. Church. He is clerk of the school board, and has always advocated the highest attainments in educational matters.

An experience at over fifteen years in the livery business at Chillicothe has contributed to give Mr. Gale an extensive acquaintance, and though during this time he has not been free from misfortune, he is still the possessor of a fine establishment. In 1885, the stable which he formerly conducted was destroyed by fire, and the same year a cyclone destroyed his carriage and wagon shed, together with a number of vehicles. His present large and well arranged brick stable is at the corner of Elm and Jackson streets, and here he is having a good patronage. Mr. Gale's birth occurred in New York in 1818, the fifth of eleven children born of the union of his parents, Seymour and Samantha Gale. The former was engaged in agricultural pursuits in the Empire State, where he died in 1869, his wife having preceded him to the grave in 1863. Of their children Almira, Rebecca, Simeon, Amanda, Orlanda, Jane, Ebin and Henry are deceased, and Orin H., Abbie A. and Nathaniel survive. Abbie is now Mrs. Mark Rowe, of Ohio, and Nathaniel farms in New York. The subject of this sketch remained in his native State until 1837, when, leaving there, he emigrated to Illinois, and this was his home for some nineteen years. Since 1850 he has been a resident of this county, and for nine years after the date mentioned he gave his attention to agricultural pursuits, then moving to Chillicothe and embarking in the livery business. In 1849 Mr. Gale was married, Miss Stella P. Wells becoming his wife. Of the family of children resulting from this union Harriet, Alhambra, William, Arthur and Emma are deceased. Those living are Seymour, who married Miss Lizzie Horeth, in 1881, and they have two children, Aaron and Willis, Lydia became the wife of Willis Hanna, of Abilene, Kan., in 1885; Curtis, Maggie and Orin.

Among the large number of Kentuckians who came out to this State between twenty-five and thirty years ago and have since risen to positions of local prominence in the communities where they have settled is Baldwin B. Gill, a native of Mason county, Ky., born in August, 1884. His father, of the same name, and also originally of Mason county, was reared there as a farmer and subsequently located in Greencastle, Putnam county, Ind., where he remained some two years. In 1855, he became a citizen of this county but in 1874 left here for Grundy county, where his home now is, he being 78 years of age. Lydia Moss was the maiden name of his wife, like himself a Kentuckian by birth and of Virginia lineage. Young Baldwin, still a youth when brought to this community, principally grew up here until seventeen years old when he went to California, living there up to 1864, or for a period of about four years. After returning he made choice of the legal profession as his future calling and began his studies with a brother at Mattoon, Ill., finally, in February, 1867, being admitted to the bar. Later he attended the Chicago Law School and also Ann Arbor, graduating from the latter institution in 1868. In 1872 he entered actively upon his professional practice and has since continued it at this place, losing no ground but maturing in ability and gaining a broader knowledge of the law as his practice has improved in character and importance. In April, 1871, Mr. Gill was married to Miss Lou Ball, of Grundy county, Mo. Five children have blessed their happy married life: Laura, Eddie, Burt and Forrest and Ross, twins.

The manufacturing interests of this portion of the county are ably represented among others by Engelbert and Henry Gier, who have been located at Chillicothe for something like six years. They seem to be natural born mechanics, if the expression may be allowed, and Chillicothe should feel proud to have such men as her citizens. Their work has reached over a large tract of territory mid many institutions might be mentioned which have had a chance to test goods of their manufacture. Among other things they made the altar for the cathedrals of Kansas City, St. Joseph, Denver, Atchison, Leavenworth, Effingham, Ill., and many other places, and besides much work has been done in church furniture. Both of these brothers are practical architects and draughtsmen making their own plans and specifications, and their business is constantly on the increase. They came originally from near Cologne, in Aix-la-Chapelle, a locality which furnishes the best artists in wood work, for as all know Rhine carvings are much sought after at the present day. Engelbert Gier was born November 7, 1852, and Henry's birth occurred March 28, 1855. Their father, Christian Gier, was born at the same place and he too was a skilled wood worker, as was his father before him. Gertrude Gier, the mother, a native of the same locality, had borne her husband six sons, every one of whom work at the same calling as those mentioned. Up to his death in 1871 Christian Gier followed carpentering and cabinetmaking in his native country. His widow subsequently emigrated to the United States and is now a resident of Hanover, Kan. Engelbert upon coming to this country first settled at, Columbus, Neb., but in a year and a half he went to St. Louis and nine months later came to Chillicothe, reaching here October 4, 1880. On July 25, 1883, he was married to Miss Rosa Burgey, of St. Louis. Their one child is named Florence Matilda. Henry Gier did not become a resident of the United States until 1879. After making his home in Chillicothe a short time he was employed at St. Louis for a year, then returning to this place, where he has since remained, aiding by his industry in doing much for the city and advancing her interests to a greater degree than would ho expected. November 23, 1883, Miss Jennie Gladieux, a native of Stark county, O., became his wife. It has been an object with us in our present work to avoid anything tending to advertise the business of those whose biographies appear in it; but it is only fair to state in this connection that, orders placed with the Messrs. Gier are sure to receive proper attention and at prices which will meet the satisfaction of all.

Livingston county is indeed fortunate in having among her foreign-born element men whose industry, strict attention to business, economy and perserverence have produced such substantial results in the different affairs with which they have connected themselves. Mr. Gorman belongs to this class, for, originally from Ireland, his location in this county dates from 1865. He was born in County Kilkenny, May 9, 1832, of the union of Patrick and Margaret Gorman, the other children besides himself being Martin, who died in his native country when 23 years old; Patrick, a railroad man in Kansas, who married Miss Mary Howty; she died in Delaware, and Timothy, born in 1845 and died in 1848. The subject of this sketch remained in the country of his birth until 1851, then emigrating to the United States and landing at Philadelphia February 14, 1851, from which place he settled in Wilmington, Del. After living there up to 1856 he removed to the northeastern part, of the State, thence to Pennsylvania, and made his home in that vicinity until coming to Missouri in 1865. December 28, 1859, Mr. Gorman was married to Miss Margaret Kelley, daughter of Michael Kelley, who became settled in Pennsylvania, from Ireland, in 1856. She was born in County Cork, March 16, 1838. Of her brothers and sisters Mary is the wife of John Clary, of Indiana; Julia is now Mrs. Jerry Fohey; Johanna was married in 1864 to Robert Hesp; Ellen became the wife of Jerry Hafey, in 1869; Peter married in 1871 Miss Johanna Haley. Mr. and Mrs. Gorman have eleven children: Anna, born November 7, 1860, married Pat. Slattery November 3, 1881, and they have three children; Maggie, born April 24, 1862, married Frank Brogan February 24, 1882, and they have two children; Mary, born July 24, 1863; John, born in May, 1866, now deceased; Joseph, born December 27, 1866; Frank, born October 9, 1870; Thomas, born May 9, 1872; Clemmie, born April 24, 1873; Julia, born October 18, 1875; Kate, born February 22, 1876; Bessie, born April 24, 1878; Michael, born May 9, 1879. Joseph and Frank, twins, are also deceased.

In these days of money-making, when life is a constant struggle between right and wrong, it is a pleasure to lay before an intelligent reader the unsullied record of an honorable man. To the youthful it will be a useful lesson - an incentive to honest industry. James A. Grace, the subject of this sketch, was born in Hampshire county, W. Va., April 19, 1835, and in the vicinity of his birthplace he grew up, being reared to a mercantile experience. His father was Jacob Grace, of Virginia nativity, and his mother, whose name before her marriage was Barbara Wheeler, came originally from Maryland, though principally brought up in the Blue Grass State. The habits of James were industrious and moral while he was a youth, and in 1856 he left in his old home to locate in Barbour county, W. Va., and in 1858 he came to Missouri, settling at Scottsville, Sullivan county. In 1862 he became a resident of Linn county, and in 1863 he located permanently in this county. At one time during the war he was the only citizen in Meadville, Linn county, and besides keeping a store there he was railroad agent, depot and express agent and postmaster. After coming to Livingston county he embarked in business, first as a general merchant at Bedford, from whence two years later he removed to Chillicothe. Closing out his business as a general merchant he was occupied for a time in conducting a stove and tinware establishment. For two years he also manufactured and dealt in tobacco. It was in 1876 that he opened out his lumber yard and since that time his business has increased to extensive proportions. He now deals largely in pine lumber, doors, blinds, sash, and all kinds of building material, besides carrying a full and complete stock of agricultural implements. Here, indeed, he seems to have found his forte, for his enlistment in the lumber trade has proved a success in every particular. His business ability is rarely surpassed, and while he has a wonderful faculty for building up a trade, in all his transactions he is prompt, systematic and exact, a man of his word on every occasion. October 16, 1862, Mr. Grace was married to Miss Talitha W. Gordon, who was born in this county, the daughter of William Gordon, Esq. Mr. and Mrs. Grace have a pleasant family of ten children: Ida, now the wife of R. Stewart; William O., Charles H., James M., J. Virgil Ellen, Virginia, Sallie, Alice and Gordon. One son, Claude, is deceased. Mr. G. belongs to the A. F. and A. Ml.

Mr. Graham is now in his fifty-eighth year, his birth having occurred in White county, Ill., September 27, 1828. He was the son of John M. Graham, a native of Pennsylvania, who, after removing to Illinois, gave his attention to agricultural pursuits. In 1846 he settled in Grundy county, Mo.; and was a resident of that county until death called him to another home in November, 1883. He was in his eightieth year. James' mother, Rebecca Graham, was a Virginian by birth and she died in seven weeks after her husband, at the age of 81, leaving seven children: James, William, John M., Emily, George, Alfred, Oliver D. When 17 years of age James Graham left the State of his birth and in 1845 came to Grundy county, Mo. having been made acquainted with farming in youth, he followed that calling after settling in Grundy county and also worked in a mill. Going to California in 1850, he remained there for four years, occupied in working in the mines with fair success. Upon returning to Grundy county he continued to till the soil and handle stock for a number of years. In 1866 he came to Livingston county and in connection with his father put up what is now known as Graham's Mill, formerly called Grand River Mills. These mills have been changed from their original condition to full roller mills, their capacity enabling 75 barrels of flour to be turned out daily. It would be entirely unnecessary for us to speak of the reputation of these mills for they have a reputation for superiority of work done which many of greater pretensions might well desire. Mr. Graham is a man who stands high in this community and one secret of his present success is his close attention to business. Personally his genial disposition and agreeable manners render him very popular. Besides his mill property he owns 186 acres of land. In 1873 he was elected to the position of county judge and served most acceptably for four years. November 9, 1848, Mr. Graham was married to Miss Sarah Ashbrook, of Ohio, who died in September, 1866. The four children born of this marriage are John, George, Henry and Mannie. In 1872 Mr. Graham was again united in marriage, Miss Rebecca Hagan becoming his wife. Her death occurred in January, 1877, and she left two children: James and Elmer. Mr. G. is. a member of the A.. F. and A. M. In addition to the possessions which have already been mentioned as belonging to him he has a half interest in the mill at Chillicothe known as Graham & Son's mill.

The connection of Mr. Graham with the interests of this county has been proved to be a most fortunate thing for its residents and especially for the citizens of Chillicothe, as a glance at the few facts here given will testify. George D. Graham is mentioned in the sketch of his father, James Graham, which precedes this, the latter, as stated, having been a native of White county, Ill., from whence he removed to Grundy county, Mo., in 1846, living there until his settlement in Livingston county in 1866. He was twice married, George being a son by the first wife, formerly Miss Sarah Jane Ashbrook. The subject of this sketch first saw the light in Grundy county, Mo., March 22, 1855, and in 1866 he, too, located in this county. Bred to the business which he now follows, he knows every detail connected with it, and in the conduct of his present mill, which was built in 1881, he displays such forethought and thoroughness that substantial returns inevitably follow. The mills at first head an improved stone system, but in 1883 the full roller process was introduced, which thus places his establishment on a par with other institutions of the kind in the county. His capacity for turning out flour is 150 barrels per day. His product meets with a ready sale at home. Besides his interest in the mill Mr. Graham owns the plant of the Sperry electric light, which he introduced into Chillicothe, and the city is indeed deeply indebted to him for his enterprise and efforts in the way of securing illumination at as low a price as possible. The city could certainly be much more prosperous had it many others who would show their public-spiritedness as has Mr. G. The prices which he gives for wheat here equal that offered by any others, and this, perhaps, is a certain cause of his prosperity. February 2, 1882, he was married to Miss Ella McGinnis, whose birth occurred in Illinois. She departed this life in 1883.

Among the many estimable citizens of Livingston county who have passed to their long home, but who, from an early day, were intimately and prominently associated with the county's development, the name of John Graves can not he omitted. Of sturdy Kentucky nativity, he was born in Garrett county, January 29, 1795, grooving up there on a farm. His father, William Graves, was a Virginian by birth, but an early pioneer to Kentucky. John was one of six children, the others being Nancy , William Jordan, who became a prominent member of Congress in subsequent years; Mary, Jane and Walter. In 1818 John Graves emigrated to Missouri, then a territory, and settled in Boone county there assisting in the laying out of Columbia, the county seat; he made his home in that locality until coming to Livingston county in 1837, and here be resided to the time of his death in June, 1879. The maiden name of his worthy wife was Matilda Copeland, born in 1819 and reared in Mercer county, Ky. Of their 12 children, eight grew to maturity: William B., Sarah, married Dr. John S. Williams; Mary, wife of Morris Peyton; Nancy, now Mrs. E. D. Waples; Elizabeth, wife of James Leeper; Jordan, Lydia A., who married W. G. Miller, and Cyrus C. No one unacquainted with Mr. Graves can realize what a benefit his life was to this county or what an influence he exerted upon all those around him. His efforts in behalf of the building of the Hannibal and St. Joseph Railroad are well remembered and he was ever ready to assist the poor, without regard to color or race, when they came to him for aid. Surely such a life on earth can not fail of a reward in the life to come. For 18 years he conducted what was the first hotel at Chillicothe. He also followed farming, was justice of the peace and held the position of land receiver, and when it became necessary for him to lay aside his duties here below he was ready to go, trusting upon the arm of Him whom he had so faithfully served in this life. He was a member of the Christian Church.

Ever since his connection with the affairs of Livingston county Mr. Grothe has displayed those sterling characteristics of men of Prussian nativity - industry, perseverance and integrity, that have resulted in awarding him a representative place in matters pertaining to this community. Born in Westphalia, Prussia, May 25, 1842, he was the eldest of five children in the family of his father and mother, William F. and Margaret Grothe. The others are William F., now residing at St. Charles, Mo.; Mary G., wife of Valentine Mohr; Andrew, who died when two years old, and an infant, also now deceased. In 1848 Mr. Grothe emigrated to America with his parents, landing at New Orleans, and while there witnessed the return of the soldiers of the Mexican War. The some year he came to Missouri and located in St. Charles county, from whence he removed to this county, taking up a settlement four miles east of Chillicothe. Some time before his farming operations he entered the employ of the old Northern Missouri Railroad at Chillicothe, having charge of the repair shop, and continued to be thus occupied for seven years. His farm now embraces 108 acres, all under cultivation, upon which is a commodious dwelling and barn, young orchard, etc., and good graded stock, of the raising of which he made something of a specialty. In school matters particularly Mr. Grothe takes a commendable interest, and he has served often as school director of his district. January 12, 1871, he was married to Miss Mary B. Cooley, the only child of William and Mary B. Cooley, still residents of this county. Mr. and Mrs. Grothe have six children: Mary M., born February 8, 1872; Emma B., born January 18, 1874, residing with her grandparents; Alice G., born July 5, 1876; William V., born October 4, 1879; Theodore J., born January 3, 1883, and Mina, born May 5, 1885. Mr. Grothe has been an active worker in the interests of the Republican party.

Samuel L. Harris was born in Chariton county, Mo., May 22, 1833, and at an early age was left an orphan by the death of his father, John Harris. The latter was a native of South Carolina, but was a pioneer settler in Kentucky and in an early day accompanied Maj. Ashby to Chariton county, Mo., where he died in 1838, leaving 4 children, Alfred, who died in Linn county; John, who died when 21 years old in Chariton county; Samuel L. and Rachel, who, after being reared by Maj. Ashby, married John H. Royston, of Henry county, Mo. After the father's death Samuel was taken in charge by an uncle, James Leeper, and by him brought to this county in 1839, continuing to make his home with that uncle until the latter's death, when he lived with his son, John L. Leeper. In 1849 Mr. Harris went over-land to California; remaining until 1854, though not meeting with any remarkable success. For two years after his return he clerked at Spring Hill, this county, for John Leeper, and in the spring of 1858 he came to Chillicothe, entering the employ of Waples, Leeper & Co. In 1860 he was elected sheriff of the county and served two years, and then, on account of declining to receive the tax book (for at such a depressed financial period the payment of taxes would have seriously involved every one), he resigned. In 1864 he went to Montana Territory, returned with a team of mules to Salt Lake, in 1865, sold out there and then took a stage to Denver. Here he took passage in the outfit of Keith & Cook, bound for Nebraska City, but while en route the train was attacked by Indians and four citizens killed, besides 15 soldiers. Many narrow escapes were had, among them Mr. H., who had an arrow shot through his clothing. From Nebraska City Mr. Harris took a stage to St. Joseph, arriving in this county January 21, 1865. With others he then fitted out a train and returned to Montana, remaining until 1866, when once more he came back to Chillicothe and here he has since remained. In 1866, he entered into the mercantile business, continued it until 1869 (but not with any great success) and then clerked for Smith & McVey, afterwards working at life insurance until appointed deputy sheriff by R. Graham. In 1872 he was elected sheriff; in 1874 was re-elected, and after a four years' service he sold goods for Walbunn & Alexander two years and for Smith & McVey nearly four years. In 1882 he was again chosen to discharge the duties of sheriff and is the present incumbent of this office. Mr. H. seems to have a peculiar fitness for this position and his long service in this capacity has proven that he is surely the right men in the right place. In 1862 he was appointed United States marshal. He was married January 6, 1861, to Miss Rachel J. Wilson, who was born in Iowa, but brought up at Paris, Mo. Her father was Enoch Wilson. They have three children: Charles S., in Montana; Samuel W. and Fred Henry. Mr. Harris is a Knight Templar in the Masonic Order.

The subject of this sketch is one of the pioneers of this portion of Missouri, for upwards of 46 years his life has been intimately connected with the history of Livingston county in various capacities. He was born January 21, 1834, in Franklin county, Ind., his father being David Hawkins, a native of Sullivan county, Tenn., and an own cousin of the famous hunter, Davy Crockett. He passed the greater part of his youthful days and early manhood in the Hoosier State engaged in farming, and in 1839 he came to Livingston county, Mo. His home continued to be here until after the close of the war, but in 1865 he moved to Cedar county, this State, and there departed this life in 1880, leaving six sons and one daughter: Reuben, Jasper N., Samuel, Nathan, John, William W. and Zerelda, who married Bartholomew Ward, of Cedar county, Mo. David Hawkins' wife was formerly Margaret J. Alley, a Virginian by birth, who died in 1877. Reuben received a good common school education in youth, and at an early age developed that intelligence and shrewdness which have marked his riper years. Attending to the duties about the home place until 20 years of age, he then became engaged in school teaching for two years. On the first of January, 1876, he withdrew from the mercantile business in which he had been occupied from the time he discontinued his professional career, and associated himself with the People's Savings Bank as assistant cashier, a position he has since continued to fill with ability and credit. He is also one of its directors. In every sense of the term Mr. Hawkins is a sterling man; and as a man all that could he asked. As a financier, he is of recognized merit, and as a friend, true in the needed emergency; as an associate he is full of life and fond of society, and yet, in all and everywhere, quiet, unobtrusive and retiring. Prudent to a fault, he is of strict integrity, and such a person as it is a privilege to esteem. Mr. H. is a married man, Miss Nancy E. Hicklin having become his wife March 1, 1866. Her father, William Hicklin, came primarily from Kentucky, as did also her mother, Nancy Kenney, though they were early residents in Missouri. In their family were the following children: Caroline, William, Joshua., Thomas, deceased; Francis J., Mary and Nancy. The family of Mr. and Mrs. Hawkins numbers five children: Lydia, Franklin, Adelaide, Reuben and Maggie.

Throughout Livingston county there is probably no more favorably known business man than Sir. Hirsh, and besides the houses above mentioned with which he is connected he has a store at Jameson, two at Pattonsburg, one each at McFall and Wheeling, Mo., together with an establishment at Blanchard, la. Mr. Hirsh, as might be supposed, is of German birth and parentage, for it has long since been conceded that enterprising men of foreign lineage, and especially those from Germany, are sure to go to the front in this country wherever they settle and in whatever they may engage. He was born September 15, 1837, and until 15 years of age he spent his time in school. His father, Mark Hirsh, was of German nativity, and as his occupation followed farming; his worthy wife also came from the same place as himself. Isaac was the eldest of six children. After leaving school he attended to the duties about, the home farm for some time and then came to the United States, taking up his location at first in Indiana, where he lived some time. Subsequently he came to Missouri and in 1854 was attracted to Livingston county, and for ten years he sold goods through the country, traveling by means of a wagon. He also farmed for a while but finally opened out his first store at Alpha, Grundy county, where he sold goods for seven years. Following this he was engaged in selling goods at Princeton, Mercer county, Mo., for two years, after which he came to Chillicothe. In 1874 he purchased of the assignee of Sherman & Broaddus, the stock of groceries which had been owned by that firm, and for a time continued the business. In February, 1886, his partnership with Mr. J. F. Sherman was consummated and since that date they have done a promising jobbing trade throughout the surrounding country. Their stock is large and complete in every particular and there is no reason why success should not attend their efforts. Mr. Hirsh not only has an extensive acquaintance in this county, but doubtless is better known personally throughout North Missouri than any man in it. He is the possessor of large means, a careful and painstaking buyer, and alive to every detail of business life, driving his own business rather than let it push him. At different times he has owned considerable property in the county and now he has two farms, valuable in themselves, and near the city. Mr. Hirsh was married in 1860 to Miss Amanda Austin, who was born in Boone county, Mo. They have one son, Louis. He is now in business at Blanchard, la., and recently married Miss Sadie Baum, of Galena, Kan. Mr. Hirsh is a member of the A. F. and A. M. His father is still a resident of Germany, but has made his son four visits.

The senior member of the above firm, A. Hoppe, one of the substantial business men of Chillicothe, was born in Prussia March 16, 1828, and until 1849 made his home there, then emigrating to America and settling in St. Louis. Having learned the trade of tailor he followed that avocation foe many year's. To himself and wife, whose maiden name was Miss Sophia Lueders, of Hanover, Germany, eight children were born: Fred H., August, Charles, Edward, Lewis, Otto, Julia and Dora. From St. Louis, in 1855, Mr. Hoppe, Sr., removed to Alexandria, Clarke county, Mo., there following his chosen calling until 1861, when he became engaged in general merchandising, and with most satisfactory results. In 1876 he opened his present establishment at Chillicothe under the supervision of his son, the subject of this sketch, whom he associated with him as a partner, and in 1877 he (A. Hoppe) came to this place. Since that time the former good patronage which the house enjoyed has been largely increased, and their trade has become a wide and successful one. In 1885 the father went to Florida and purchased a large tract of land in connection with another son he is also interested in the jewelry business. Fred H. Hoppe, born at St. Louis June 12, 1854, accompanied his parents to Clarke county, Mo, and was there principally reared, growing up to a mercantile experience, in which he has since been engaged. He is recognized as one of the most prominent young business men of the county, and justly so. The stock which this firm carries is the largest in the line in Livingston county, and their motto has been to deal in the best of goods, knowing that in the end this is most satisfactory. Mr. Hoppe has served as a member of the city council, and is the present township treasurer. October 6, 1879, his marriage to Miss Lillie Lockwood, of Niagara county, Canada, was consummated. They have one child, Lulu. Mr. Hoppe is a Knight Templar in the Masonic Order, and is past master and past high priest.

In this brief outline of the life of this representative citizen of Livingston county appears facts which are greatly to his credit, given as plainly as it is possible to put them, and without the intention of anything savoring of flattery. He was born in Scott county, Ky., December 31, 1834, of Kentucky parentage, his father being John J. Ireland, originally of that State, and his mother formerly Miss Martha Glenn. She died in 1835. In 1857 the senior Mr. Ireland, leaving the Blue Grass State, came to Livingston county, Mo., and settled near Mooresville; where he died September 10, 1876, after a lifetime devoted to agricultural pursuits. Harvey C. grew up in the State of his birth and not until 1866 did he settle in this county, his location also being made in Mooresville township. Here he now owns a landed estate of 800 acres, a homestead that is one of the most attractive places in the county. Its improvements are all that the most fastidious could desire, the buildings, etc., being commodious and conveniently arranged for every farming purpose. His land is devoted almost exclusively to the raising of blooded stock - short-horn cattle and fine horses, and of the former class he has about 100 head registered or eligible to registry, among which are representatives of all the leading families. In the direction of horses his attention is given principally to roadsters, and of those he owns Bourbon Chief, by Membrino Patchen, a beautiful animal, stands at the head - one of the most perfect horses to be found in any State. His stock of horses includes some ninety head. It goes without saying that Mr. Ireland is one of the most progressive men in the county; there is nothing that has a tendency to promote and enhance its interests but what he aids liberally, not only in giving his means but by contributing his time and active service. In 1874 his worth was recognized by the people of this county who placed him in the State Legislature to represent them, and in 1876 he was re-elected, and certainly no more faithful representative ever went from this community than he. A marked characteristic in him is that to his natural and acquired ability he adds good common sense, an indispensable element to success in any calling. February 5, 1857, Mr. Ireland was united in marriage with Miss G. A. Bush, of Bourbon county, Ky., daughter of George Rush, Esq., of that county. They have one son, Charles I., who now occupies the homestead in Mooresville township, Mr. Ireland having removed to Chillicothe. Mr. Chas. Ireland married Miss Maggie Fiske, whose father is Dr. Fiske, of Mooresville.

On his father's side Mr. Jackson's ancestors came from Scotland to this country, and his mother was of Irish origin. The latter, before her marriage, was a Miss Margaret Filson, a native of Ohio. Edward Jackson, the father, also a native of the Buckeye State, was a farmer and mechanic and the first man to put up a frame barn building by the square rule in Ohio; this was such an important occurrence in that early day that people came 40 miles to see this barn go together. Mr. Jackson died in 1855, leaving six sons and four daughters. Of these, John K., the subject of this sketch, was the youngest son and eighth child. His birth occurred in Tuscarawas county, O., August 27, 1828, and from the very first he was reared as a natural mechanic, commencing as a house carpenter, but latterly he has devoted his time to bridge building. For six years he was on the Pittsburg, Fort Wayne and Chicago Railroad, then on the Wabash and other roads, his location in Missouri dating from 1867. His first settlement here was in DeKalb county, where he lived for seven years and afterwards he came to Livingston county, where he has since made a specialty of doing heavy contracting. It has been truthfully said that some men honor their calling; others are honored by them. Mr. Jackson is a striking example of the former class, as all will admit who are acquainted with him. He has been twice married. First, in October 1850, to Miss Sarah J. Brandt, who died in 1859, leaving three children: Richard K., foreman of bridges on the Wabash Railroad; Thomas E. and Margaret J., wife of John Thompson, of DeKalb county, Mo. Mr. J. was again married in April, 1860, to Miss Eliza Wilson, originally from Hardin county, O. Six children have blessed this union: Rosa Belle, G. William, Phebe A., Minnie, Henry H. and John E. For 40 years Sir. Jackson has been a member of the M. E. Church, endeavoring as best he can to live up to the precepts of Him whom he serves.

The business in which the subject of this sketch is now engaged has become one of considerable proportions in this county, and frequent mention is made in this work of others who are also interested in a like calling. He, too, was born in the Buckeye State, in Hardin county, June 5, 1854, the son of John E. and Sarah J. (Brant) Jackson, also natives of that State, the former being a mechanic by occupation. When 12 years old Thomas E. accompanied his parents to Missouri, they making their settlement in DeKalb county, where he lived for five years. At the expiration of that time he came to this county. He familiarized himself with the trade of bridge building, and during the building of the Wabash Railroad he had charge of the construction of bridges from Pattonsburg to the Nodaway county line, and also from Humison to Shenandoah, Ia., he pursued the same avocation. In July, 1885, Mr. Jackson established his present business at Chillicothe. When working a full complement of men he employs as high as 35 hands, and some idea may be formed of the extent of his business when it is made known that his good; are shipped to Australia, the Pacific Coast, Germany and British Columbia, his products being acknowledged among the very best, if not the best, on the market. Too much can not be said of the quality of these articles. Mr. Jackson is indeed deserving of much credit for what he is doing and has already done in benefiting the county by opening a market for different woods and encouraging better prices than could otherwise be obtained. His energy is almost unlimited. Besides his ax handles he ships hard wood of different kinds, wagon material, boat stock, etc. December 24, 1876, occurred his marriage to Miss Lillie May Doughty, a native of Danville, Ill. Two children have blessed this union, Gracie Bell and Freddie F. Mr. J. also utilizes in his business the products of the factories at Utica and Eversonville, this State. A fact that should not he lost sight of in his business is the aid he gives to so many men by employing them in his factory; these parties are earning good wages, end otherwise would not obtain one-half what Mr. Jackson pays. He pays $10 per cord for the wood he uses which otherwise would sell for $3, thus again benefiting the community at large.

In preparation of this brief outline of the life history of one of the best men who ever made his home in Livingston county, appear facts which are greatly to his credit. His intelligence, enterprise, integrity and many estimable qualities have acquired for him a popularity not derived from any factitious circumstances, but a permanent and spontaneous tribute to his merit, and this has been proven by his call at different times to positions of trust and responsibility, the duties of which offices were always discharged with the same care and fidelity that has characterized his career in business circles. In the space allotted to this sketch it is impossible to mention in detail all the services rendered and yet they are of much interest and show that he has been able to grapple with many abstruse points and parts of political government. Mr. Jacobs was born at Battle Creek, Calhoun county, Mich., November 2, 1847. Justus Jacobs, hie father, a native of Vermont, was reared in that State as a carriage and wagon manufacturer, and in 1840 he went to Michigan, where he subsequently married a Miss Harriet Roberts, originally from New York. Two sons were born of this union, Albert W. and Wesley A. The latter was reared in the Lake State, and it might with truth be said to an "agricultural implement experience," for all his life he has been engaged in this business. When 21 years of age he came to this county on a prospecting tour and being pleased with the appearance of the country decided to make his home here, which he did, embarking at once in his present business, and on the same lot where he is now located. At this time he is in possession of the largest agricultural implement warehouse in this section. He carries a full assortment of the best known farm machinery made, besides a large and complete stock of wagons, buggies, etc. He transacts a heavy business in grain and seeds, and has a spacious elevator on the Wabash Railroad, and in connection with these various lines mentioned he handles coal to quite an extent. Mr. Jacobs commenced his political career as a member of the city council. In 1880 he was nominated on the Republican ticket for State Senator from this district, received a majority of the votes cast, and served in such an acceptable and faithful manner that in 1884 he was again elected to the same position. During these official terms he has been a member of several different committees, among which might be mentioned the Committees on Ways and Means for six years; Penitentiaries, Internal Improvements and the Committee on Blind Asylums. The full confidence the people of this vicinity have placed in Mr. Jacobs has not been bestowed in vain. A representative man in every sense of the term, energetic and enterprising, he is always ready to aid any undertaking tending to redound to the general good of the city or county. October 7, 1869, he was married to Miss Bolina Saunders, a native of Chariton county, though reared in this county. Her father, Daniel G. Saunders, came originally from Bedford county, Va., to Missouri in an early day;. he was a Government surveyor and surveyed the ground upon which St. Joseph is now located, and also that where Rock Island, Ill,, is situated. He was prominently identified with the pioneer history of this county. At his death he left seven children: four sons and three daughters. Mr. and Mrs. Jacobs have two sons, Fred and Frank. He is a member of the A. F. and A. M. and also of the G. A. R.

Though passed the allotted age of three score years and ten, Mr. Kent is still acknowledged to he a leader in the affairs of this portion of Livingston county. His birth took place in Greene county, Pa., December 19, 1812, the son of George W. and Susan (Blackburn) Kent, of the same county, where they also died. Uriah was the third son of five boys wad four girls. Of these two besides himself survive, Susan, a resident of Morrigan county, O., and Ephraim, living near Pittsburg, Pa. Anna, Thomas, William, Solomon, George L. and Sarah are deceased, one, George, having died while en route to California in 1850. Up to the year 1847 Uriah B. remained with his parents upon the home farm, then starting for the far West, as this territory was then considered. Traveling by boat from Pittsburg, he arrived at Brunswick, Mo., and soon settled upon his present place, five miles east of Chillicothe. This contains 220 acres of improved land, well adapted for farming purposes and the raising of stock, and 14 acres of timber. Mr. Kent has long occupied a position of esteem and respect amongst the people of this county, by whom he was once called to the official bench. His duties while in that position were discharged in the most satisfactory manner, and he has also been road overseer a number of years. Within the last few years he has suffered somewhat from disease, though previous to this was a man of unusual vigor. October 1, 1840, Mr. Kent was married to Miss Margaret Cole, third daughter of Jeremiah and Christina Cole; her birth occurred in Greene county, Pa., November 9, 1816, She had two brothers, John, of Pennsylvania, and Jacob, deceased; and also three sisters, Mary, Annie and Lettie. Besides these she has three half brothers and two half sisters. In the family of Mr. and Mrs. Kent are seven children: George W., born October 25, 1841, married Miss Avery February 15, 1866; Mary, born September 18, 1843, became the wife of George Babb December 16, 1874; Jeremiah, born September 27, 1845, in White Pine county, Nev.; William F., born April 14, 1848, married to a daughter of William Glower, June 3, 1883; Susanah, born September 30, 1850, wife of Charles Simpson, of this county; Sarah Ellen, born February 1, 1854, married S. B. Mumpower February 27, 1876; Orlena, born August 16, 1857, married Samuel Newcomb, of Linn county, January 16, 1884.

William B. Leach was born at Plympton, Plymouth county, Mass., April 5, 1841. His father, Erastus Leach, first saw the light in 1803, also in that county, and he continued to make his home there until 1856, when he moved to Howard county, Ia. A year later he returned to his native State. In 1869 Chillicothe, Mo., received him as one of her permanent residents, and here he remained until his death January 3, 1875. In 1832 Miss Maria Bradford, of Plympton, Mass., became his wife; her death also occurred at Chillicothe in 1870. Through her Mr. Leach can trace his ancestry to Maj. William Bradford, who came to America in the Mayflower, and who was the second governor of Plymouth colony; and through him the genealogy of the family may be traced back to Austershire, England, to the year 1500. Erastus Leach was a man of strict, uncompromising character, but a warm supporter of all matters of public interest, and especially of the temperance cause; he was a elevated father and loving husband, qualities which were only equaled by the faithfulness and affection of his true Christian wife. William B., the third son and fourth child of six children, passed his early life at his birthplace obtaining an education, and during his vacation, when eight years old, he worked in a shoe factory, pegging shoes at three cents per pair. At the age of ten years he entered a tack factory, worked five consecutive years for 75 cents a day, and about this time formed a desire to go to sea with five of his companions, but his mother's persuasions finally led him to abandon this object and in 1856 he emigrated with the family to Howard county, Ia., where the father pre-empted land. In the fall of that year he went to Osage, Mitchell county, Ia., and worked in a hotel for two months, then being employed by Ayres' stage line to drive from Osage to Austin, Minn., thirty miles, making two trips a week. In December following his feet became so severely frozen that he was compelled to return to his home in Howard county, and until March, 1857, he remained in-doors. The summer of that year was passed at his father's farm (his mother and sister having returned to Massachusetts), and in the fall the father also went back to his old home. William, with too much pride to return so soon, hired out at $10 per month during the fall, but in the winter he was engaged in working in a hotel at Saratoga, same county, for his board, utilizing his spare moments in study. In 1858 he started on foot with a pocket compass and his inseparable grip-sack, for Waverly, Bremer county, la., a distance of sixty miles, to join his older brother; he soon found employment in a water saw-mill, but owing to high water work was irregular and he afterwards went to Belfast, Lee county, Ia., 20 miles west of Keokuk, with $2.50 in cash, a suit of clothes and a silver watch, walking the entire distance and accomplishing the journey in eight days, but without a cent in his pocket when his destination was reached. Employment was given him in a saw mill at $1 a day, and after while the engineer of the mill, who had been given a place as locomotive engineer on the T. P. & W. R. R., selected Mr. L. for his fireman, the latter remaining with the company until the building of the road was stopped. When 17 years of age he had acted as fireman, engineer and conductor on a construction train, In 1859, on the completion of the Hannibal and St. Joseph Railroad, he went to Hannibal, hoping to attain the goal of his ambition as locomotive engineer; but there were so many applicants for the same position that he accepted a situation as brakeman on a freight train. He was not kept in this position long, however, but, passing various grades of promotion, he was made baggagemaster in 1861 and in the fall of the same year American Express messenger. During 1861 and 1862 he was sworn into what was known as the Marion county battalion of the United States service, at Hannibal, by Gen. Lyon, in person, but continued his run as express messenger. In the spring of 1862 the call for troops became so urgent that he decided to go to Chicago to enlist in the service of the United States, but on reaching Hannibal Capt. Lockwood induced him to help recruit a company with the promise of a lieutenant's commission. He recruited 24 men between Hannibal and Kingston, who were taken to St. Louis to be sworn in, but owing to the chicanery of persons in charge of men to fill quotas they were induced to join other commands. Mr. Leach became disgusted at this treatment and returned to the employ of the Express company, and afterwards was appointed messenger on the Keokuk Packet Line, in which position he continued until the close of navigation. A run was then given him as messenger from Quincy, Ill., to St. Joseph, and here it was that the graver responsibilities rested upon the express messenger. As this was the only railroad to the Missouri river and the great highway for transportation of treasures from the mountains, large amounts of money and other valuables were under the control at the Express company; Mr. Leach relates one incident of having received from Mr. George Faulhauber, a resident of Sedalia, $1,250,000 in greenbacks for the paymaster of the United States army at Fort Leavenworth, the entire amount being safely turned over to messenger Taft, at St. Joseph, afterwards a resident of Chillicothe. He was compelled to abandon the road on account of so much transferring being necessary, and the poor condition of the road, and later entered as money clerk in the office at Quincy, continuing in this position until 1865. At that time, in company with his brother, M. G Leach, Mr. L. came to Chillicothe and purchased the Brinkerhoff stage line, running to Princeton, Mo., and also succeeded as agent of the American Express Company; in 1867 the stage line was discontinued, but he acted as Express agent until March, 1868, when the company withdrew from the line of the Hannibal and St. Joseph Railroad. Sheriff G. Harker then offered Mr. Leach employment to write in his office, which was accepted, and during the year he helped to organize a glee club, which became renowned for the services rendered during the Grant campaign. He subsequently received the appointment of Assistant United States Revenue Assessor, and also was made United States Gauger, positions that he occupied up to 1871. In 1869, however, he had been a member of the firm of B. C. Chambers & Leach, real estate dealers, and in 1871 he was made agent of the United States Express Company, remaining as such until March 18, 1873, when he entered as book-keeper the People's Savings Bank. In January, 1875, his well known qualifications for the position led him to be elected assistant cashier, and in January, 1876, he was made cashier, and has since been elected to that position each succeeding year. December 12, 1870, Mr. Leech was married to Mrs. Emma Sinclair, of Hannibal, Mo. She has one child, Gussie, by a former marriage. And by this union there was born one son, Willie B., who died when 11 months old. Mr. Leach is a Knight Templar in the Masonic order and is a Past Master and Past Eminent Commander.

This, in brief, is a sketch of the career of William B. Leach, a man whose present substantial position in life has been reached entirely through his own perseverance; and the facts connected with his operations and their results only show what a person, with courage and enlightened views, can accomplish. His reputation for honesty and integrity has been tried and not found wanting; his financial ability has been more than once put to the test, but never without credit to himself; his social qualities are well known and appreciated, and he has hosts of friends whose confidence and esteem are his highest eulogium. Above reproach, end without a doubt of suspicion, Mr. Leach may well rest in the enjoyment of the friendship which is given him. In every position in which he has been placed he has shown himself to be most thorough in the discharge of duty.

There are times when glancing over the life records of persons that it seems absolutely necessary to use that often abused phrase "self-made man," and this is true of Mr. Leaver, for he came here in 1868 without anything, but has worked faithfully and energetically until now he not only carries a good stock of suitings, etc., but in addition has a well assorted class at furnishing goods, fresh and tasty. Though himself a native of this country he is of German parentage, his parents having been born in Das Vaterland. Their names were Frederick and Katharina (Kohlbrener) Leaver, and Frank was born to them in Philadelphia county, Pa., November 7, 1840. He grew to manhood in that vicinity, and when 20 years of age began to learn the trade of tailor, which he has since continued with success. Leaving Philadelphia he went to Cleveland, O., and also worked in Tiffin, Sandusky and other cities for some time. During the war he enlisted in the 9th Illinois infantry and served through that terrible conflict, and after its close he became located at Omaha, Neb. Going thence to St. Joseph, Mo., he came from there to this place in 1868 and in 1871 started in business for himself. From that time to the present he has continued alone, and with what result has already been intimated. January 15, 1872, Mr. Leaver married Miss Maggie McDonald, of Canadian birth, and they have three children: Florence, Kate and Frank. Mr. L. belongs to the Knights of Pythias and is also a R. A. M. in the Masonic Order.

William A. Lane was born in Stafford county, Virginia, January 17, 1817. His parents were George Lane and Mary D. Ashmore, his wife and their ancestry can be traced to the first settlers of the Old Dominion; the former a native of Londoun county and the latter of the county of Prince William.

Young Lane had good educational advantages for those times and to the general course of instruction which he received in the rudimentary branches, he added an attendance of three years at Harwood Seminary, Virginia, a superior institution of learning, where he acquired a good practical, business education.

Immediately after leaving school; in 1833, he commenced his mercantile experience at Fredericksburg, Va., and up to 1837 remained in that place as clerk and salesman in a dry goods house. His father having died when he was only six years of age, and the greater portion of his estate having been required to pay security debts, the subject of this sketch earthly realized the fact that he had to "paddle his own canoe," and in the fall of 1837, having a cousin who held a prominent position in the young Republic of Texas, he was induced to visit that country, where he was offered the chief clerkship in the Treasury Department, which was accepted, and which he held during the administration of President Lamar. Impaired health, however, forbade his remaining longer in that country and accordingly he returned to his native State, Virginia, being employed several years thereafter as deputy clerk of the county court of Prince William county. His mother having died in the meantime, and there being but few avenues open in the Old State for enterprise, and having a large number of relatives in the blue grass region of Kentucky, he removed to that State in 1845 and for near ten years his home was in the counties of Bath and Montgomery, where he was by turns, merchant, sheriff and farmer, and was quite successful.

August 19, 1846, he married Miss Lizzie Lane, daughter of Newton Lane, Esq., of Bath county, a lady whose graces of mind and kind heart have endeared her to all who know her.

In 1855 he located permanently in Missouri, entering a large amount of land, and until the spring of 1860 conducted a mercantile business at Milan, then entering upon his duties as a cashier of the Branch of the Union Bank of Missouri at Milan, to which he had been elected. War troubles finally prevented the successful carrying on of the banking business and in 1863 Mr. Lane located at Chillicothe and remained about two years; he then lived at Greencastle, Indiana, nearly a year, when he purchased a large farm in Saline county, Missouri, and some three years later he moved to Columbia, Boone county, where he resided near two years when he returned to Chillicothe where he spent several years, then opened a farm of near three thousand acres in Sullivan county, where he resided six years, and returned again to Chillicothe where he expects to remain during the remnant of his life. He is at present extensively engaged in farming, stock raising and stock feeding at his farm in Sullivan county. He is a man of temperate habits, upright, just and firm in all business transactions, affable and courteous in manner, in hospitality of the open-handed old Southern style. In his political preferences he is a Democrat and both he and his wife are members of the Christian Church.

Mr. Lane is public spirited and ready at all times to aid and encourage those movements which tend to increase the material happiness and promote the best interests of the community, one of his highest conceptions being the faithful performance of duty.

George Bush Stubbs was born in Fulton county, Ind., March 7, 1843, and is therefore a little passed the age of 43 years. He continued to live in the State of his birth until 12 years old, there receiving his primary education and also a course in the grammar schools, and about the year 1885 he went to Henry county, In., from whence he came to Chillicothe in the spring of 1866. Since that time he has made his home in this place and has been successfully occupied in his present occupation as plasterer and kalsominer. In early life he had followed farming, but he discontinued that after 1865. It is not needful to say that in his trade he is equal to any in this country; indeed it would be hard to find his superior over a wide range of territory, and the liberal custom which he enjoys hears evidence of his thoroughness in this industry. August 14, 1863, Mr. Stubbs enlisted in the 4th Iowa Independent Battery, under Capt. P. H. Goode, and for two years he served as a soldier with bravery and credit, principally in Louisiana. November 23, 1865, he was married to Miss E. S. Hales, a native of Iowa, and they have the following interesting family: Hugh B., born July 20, 1866; Schuyler M., born January 1, 1868; George Walter, born April 10, 1870; Frank Hales, born May 30, 1872; Claud Guy, born March 26, 1875; Paul Ernest, born September 1, 1877, and Blanche E., born January 25, 1881. Mr. S. is a member of the G. A. R.

Among the representative, esteemed citizens of Livingston county, there is probably no one more deserving of mention than James Leeper, a man whose residence within the borders of this county has extended over a period of move than half a century. During this time he has served in various official capacities, and always with such satisfactory results that brought but words of commendation have been bestowed upon him. His business relations there have been extensive and honorable, and though once unfortunate, but an iota of reproach was cast upon him. His father, James Leeper, Sr., was born in Hopkins county, Ky., in 1791, growing up there as a former and making it his home until removing to Chariton county, Mo., in 1822. He lived there for some 13 years and in 1835 took up his settlement in what is now Livingston county, remaining here until his death in 1863. He was among the foremost pioneers of the county, and a person whose loss was keenly felt. He married Miss Sarah Ashby, also of Kentucky nativity, who died in 1843, leaving 7 children: John L., Henry A., Daniel A., Samuel, James, Jane, wife of George W. Anderson, and Ellen, who married Francis M. Morris. The subject of this sketch first saw the light in Chariton county, Mo., March 10, 1825. When 10 years of age he was brought to the territory now included in this county, where he was brought up as a farmer, and this has continued to be his abiding place. In 1842 he commenced to carry mail from Keytesville, Chariton county, to Spring Hill, Livingston county, his contract expiring in 1846. In August, of that year, he was elected sheriff of the county, being re-elected in 1848, and after the expiration of his term of service in this capacity he engaged in merchandising at Spring Hill for some six years. Mr. Leeper now commenced selling goods at Chillicothe, continuing the business until 1874. During this time he had been appointed circuit clerk in 1861 but the ousting ordinance caused him to vacate his official position. In 1874 he moved upon a farm and gave attention to agricultural pursuits up to 1878, and from that date (when he returned to town) for three years following he was occupied with clerical duties. In 1881 he entered the county clerk's office, and up to the present has discharged the duties of that position. His record as a public man and private citizen are alike untarnished. In all the affairs of life he has borne himself in an upright manner, and to-day he is recognized as a man of true worth. In 1849 (March 15) Mr. Leeper married Miss Elizabeth Graves, of Boone county, Mo., who died November 15, 1876, leaving 9 children. Tillie, wife of G. G. Henry; Belle, now Mrs. T. K. Curd; John Graves, in Gainsville, Tex.; Horace W., in Texas; Jord. and James D., in Coleman, that State; Cyrus S., of Bell's, Tex.; Bessie and Wakefield. Mr. Leeper's second marriage was consummated October 6, 1879, Mrs. Georgia Cravens, whose maiden name was Lowe, becoming his wife. Her first husband was Dr. John M. Cravens, of Gallatin, who died in April, 1876.

The biography of the subject of this sketch will doubtless be read by old and young, even when other books are cast aside, for there is an instinctive curiosity to know the true and inner history of men who have had such a close association with the affairs of this county from primitive date. Such a one is Mr. Lile, one of the oldest native-born citizens of Livingston county. He was born July 5, 1834, of the union of Allen P. Lile and Mary Cox, frequently referred to in other portions of this work as among the most highly esteemed people of the community. The former was a native of Tennessee and in 1833 became located in this county, here continuing to make his home until removing to Henry county, Mo., where he died. Isom P. has become so well known by reason of his long and continuous residence here, that a sketch of his life to some may not appear necessary; and yet to those of the coming generation what better monument of a life well spent can be given than the record of a man who always did his duty, where he knew it, and who was remarked for his industry and perseverance in every walk of daily toil. Farming has always been Mr. Lile's occupation and the farm on which he now bestows such hard labor contains 180 acres well improved. He has been twice married; first, in 1855, to Miss Mary A. Cooper, also of Missouri, who died leaving four children: John A., born January 26, 1856; Mary E., born October 10, 1858; Charles H., born March 22, 1860, died April 2, 1863; and Lydia A., born May 12, 1865. Mr. Lile's second wife, Miss Susan E. Jacobs, was born July 17, 1845, in Tennessee. Six children have blessed this union: Mattie J., born July 27, 1867; Jasper L., born December 12, 1870; Edgar L., born August 15, 1872; Howard W., born February 2, 1875; Laura B., born December 10, 1876; and Ella M., born August 17, 1880. Mr. Lile resides on section 1.

The father of the subject of this sketch, William Linville, was born in the State of North Carolina in 1803, and when eight years old was taken by his parents to Tennessee, where he resided until 16 years of age. Coming thence to Ray county, Mo., he remained in that locality up to the time of his settlement in this county in the fall of 1833. In 1832, shortly before coming here, he had married Miss Polly Maberry, a Tennesseean by birth, and a daughter of James Maberry, who also became a citizen of Livingston county in the spring of 1833. Mr. William Linville departed this life in 1872, leavings six children living: Wiley, Sarah, wife of James Anderson; Thomas; Maria, now Mrs. Joseph Gibbons; Rhoda A., who married B. Hargrave, and Margaret, the widow of William Gibbons. Six children in the family of Mr. and Mrs. Linville had died. Wiley, whose name heads this memoir, entered into this world June 22, 1834, in Livingston county, Mo., and in all probability is the oldest resident of the county who was born here. For this fact, if for no other, he is accorded a worthy place in this history of the county. He was brought up to a farm experience, and farming has received his undivided attention all during his life, his thorough knowledge of the calling being indicated by the neat appearance of his place and the way his operations are conducted. He shows by his successful management of affairs that he has his own ideas of how to carry on a place, and also that he puts these ideas into practice greatly to his individual benefit. His estate includes 226 acres, well improved, and the surroundings denote thrift and industry. What he has accumulated are the fruits of his own hard work and intelligent application to his chosen avocation. He raises good crops, cultivates what he can attend to properly, and thus proves the wisdom of the old saying that a little well done is better than a large amount half done. April 20, 1854, Mr. Linville was married to Miss Eliza Jane Walker, who was born in Ray county, Mo. They have 10 children: William, Mary E., Amanda J., Jefferson D., Sarah F., Susan, Wiley, Edward, Ida and Samuel. Mrs. Linville was the third child in a family of 10 children. She and her husband are members of the Baptist Church.

Of that sturdy and independent class, the farmers of Missouri, none are possessed of more genuine merit and a stronger character than he whose name stands at the head of this sketch; he has risen to more than an ordinary degree of success in his calling of an agriculturist and stock man, and wherever known he is conceded to be an energetic and progressive tiller of the soil, imbued with all those qualities of go-aheadativeness which have characterized his ancestors. His birth occurred in Adams county, Pa., January 11, 1828, his father, Charles Lowe, being a native of Wales, while his mother, formerly Barbara Sawyer, was of German origin, though born in the Keystone State. In 1830 they removed to Ohio, taking their son with them, and there they subsequently died. John. A. grew up in Darke county, O., and learned the trade of carpenter, but while becoming familiar with that calling he worked two years at $3.00 per month, also touching school during the winter months for quite a while. In 1856 Mr. Lowe removed from the Buckeye State to Missouri and took up his location in Grundy county, and in 1859 he came to this county, engaging at once in farming. Since that time he has closely applied himself to this calling and with that success which only comes of attention to business and persevering effort. His landed estate includes 704 acres. Without exception Mr. Lowe is among the most intelligent farmers in the county. His library consists of 150 volumes, including Chambers' Encyclopedia, Rational Medicine, Laws of the United States and the State of Missouri. It is probably the most complete library of any farmer in Livingston county. Mr. Lowe receives more mail matter than any other agriculturist in the county. All his children who have reached that age, have received a certificate to teach school at the age of 16 years. He is one of the ablest debaters on all the questions of the day to be found in North Missouri. His success has been something remarkable, but it is all deserved and no one will deny that his prosperity has made him still more popular individually. He has ever availed himself of the leading agricultural papers at the day, profits by the experiments of prominent farmers and agricultural colleges, and is able at all times to give his reasons for his method of procedure. Well informed on the general topics of the day, he can not but impart to those with whom he comes in contact something of the truths with which his mind is stored. His position as one of the foremost men in the community has been acquired through his own efforts, industry and good judgment. Alive to every detail of farm life, he does not allow his interests in any way to drag or lack for attention, and this, undoubtedly, is largely one reason of his success. Considerable attention is given to the stock industry. He is kind to all animals and values very highly his old war horse, Lightfoot, foaled May 4th, 1859. In 1851 Mr. Lowe was married to Miss Mary Smith, of Ohio, who died in 1871, leaving six children: John H., Mary J., David M., William H., Isophene and Anjenette. In 1872 Mr. L. was married to Miss Amelia Robinson, a Kentuckian by birth. Three children have blessed this union: Lucian, Viola and Franklin.

Mr. McIlwrath, who is one of the important factors in the business growth and prosperity of Chillicothe, is justly entitled to more than a passing notice in this volume. Since his identification with this city as a business man no one has been more active and enterprising or has done more in his line to increase and extend the trade and influence at the place. His stock is among the largest in the State, outside of the large cities, and the patronage drawn to him results from liberal and polite treatment, only less than from an opportunity to secure even returns for money paid. He is not a native of this country, having been born in Belfast, Ireland, June 10, 1834, the third son and seventh child of eight children born to Samuel McIlwrath and wife, whose name before her marriage was Miss Ann Gray. William as he grew up in the county of his birth familiarized himself with the trade of baker and confectioner, but in 1856 a determination to avail himself of the opportunities which he believed could be obtained by young men of determination on this side of the Atlantic led him to emigrate to the United States and for the first. eighteen months he passed his time in various places. Finally he settled in Fulton, Callaway county, Mo, and in 1862 enlisted from there in Col. Guitar's 9th cavalry, M. S. M., remaining in service until mustered out in April, 1865. From December, 1862, until August, 1862, he was provost marshal at Paris, Monroe county. From September, 1863, until August following he held the same position at Chillicothe and proved a very efficient officer, previous to that having held the position of first lieutenant in Co. D. His career as a soldier is but a type of his career as a business man. After the close of the war Mr. McIlwrath came to Chillicothe and in April, 1865, engaged in the grocery trade, which was continued up to his appointment as postmaster in November, 1866. Owing to a change in politics in the administration he was relieved in 1869, and then opened out his present establishment, and it is no more than the truth to say that no better business man is to be found in North Missouri or one more attentive to his business. Public-spirited and contributing liberally to whatever is a benefit to the city or county, he has gained a wide acquaintance. He is among the best informed individuals on general subjects in the county and by close study and unlimited reading has become very familiar with all reputable authors and especially is he well posted on ancient and modern history. His knowledge of his adopted country may well put to shame many whose opportunities for gaining the same information have been more favorable. Politically Mr. McIlwrath is a Democrat, and he does as much if not more than any to advance the interests of that party in this community, contributing liberally of his time and money to accomplish satisfactory results.

Prominent among the comparatively young men of Livingston county, whose career thus far has been both honorable and successful, is the subject of the present sketch. He was born in Carter county, Tenn., January 15, 1850. His father, Elder D. McInturff; was also a native of Tennessee and a prominent minister in the Christian Church. The maiden name of his mother was Harriet Jones; she was born in Sullivan county, Tenn. There were eight children in the family; of these C. R. J. was the third son. He was reared in Tennessee and his time was divided in early life between working on a farm and attending school until he was qualified for teaching. In 1871 the family removed to Missouri and settled in Sullivan county and C. R. J. came to Livingston county soon after. He was engaged in teaching for some time and in 1879 was elected school commissioner and again in 1881. During his leisure hours while teaching he was preparing for the practice of law. He was admitted to the bar in 1880 and has since given his attention largely to land, law and abstracts of titles, and he has reliable abstracts of all farming lands in the vaunts. He has served as both city and township assessor. Mr. McInturff is an independent thinker and derives his information when practical from original source. He is systematic and exact in all things and counts as worthless all knowledge that is not accurate. He possesses a high sense of honor and he is hold and unyielding in defense of right. March 6, 1877, he married Miss Linney Perren, daughter of Jackson Perren, an early settler of the county. She died in October, 1882, and left an intent son, Earl. His second marriage occurred October 10, 1883, Miss Lucy Turner becoming his wife; she was born in Pittsburg, Pa. By this marriage there is one daughter, Mabel.

There are comparatively few men now living in this county who were active participants in the Mexican War, but among the few is Mr. McMillen, a resident of this community for many years. His birth occurred April 15, 1826, in Washington county, Pa., one of eight children of Andrew and Catharine (McClusky) McMillen, also natives, of the Keystone State. The former was a farmer by occupation and died in Pennsylvania, his wife surviving until 1869. John McMillen, William's only surviving brother, is now a farmer in Ohio: his sister Sarah is in Indiana, and Eliza J. lives in Illinois and two others are in Pennsylvania. William W. was educated in the county of his birth at the common schools and when only 14 years old he left home without a dollar. Until 1846 he was identified with farming, but when the alarm of the Mexican War was sounded he was among the first in his State to enlist. Joining Co. G, 1st Indiana, the forces of old "Rough and Ready," he was engaged in all the battles in which Taylor took part, serving until June, 1847, when he was mustered out at New Orleans. After his return from the war Mr. McMillen resumed agricultural pursuits in the Hoosier State for 15 years, but upon coming to this county in October, 1862, he purchased a farm and devoted himself to its cultivation and improvement until 1878. Then he moved into Chillicothe and engaged in his present business. The stable with which he is connected is on South Locust street, in a good location and favorable for a large share of the livery business which, it is needless to say, he is receiving. In 1849 be married Miss Rachel Clark, of Pennsylvania, who died in Indiana in 1865, leaving four children: William H., of Barton county, Mo.; Theodore Scott, of the home place; John D., in Minneapolis, Minn,; and Allen B., a lumber merchant in Fulton county, Ind. Mr. McMillen's second wife was formerly Miss Ellen Harman, of Indiana. Though never having taken a conspicuous part in politics he is a strong Republican in his preferences.

Among the public men of this county, and, indeed, to not a few beyond its limits, the record of Mr. McNally in the public service is well and favorably known. From circumstances less favorable than those of many others, and with but limited advantages or opportunities, he has risen by industry, energy and perseverance to a position of creditable prominence and influence in the affairs of this county. He is of foreign nativity, having been born in Ireland, April 1, 1841. Like other youths of that country, as he grew up he divided his time between working on a farm and attending school up to 1863, when he emigrated to the United States, and his first settlement in this country was made in Athens county, O. At the first he commenced to apply himself with an ambition which could not fail to be resultful of good. For three years he was occupied in the railroad business in that State, and he also followed it for a year at Brookville, Ind., going from that locality to the western portion of Tennessee in 1867. In 1868 Mr. McNally removed to Missouri, and a year later became located in this county, giving his time and attention to railroading until 1871. Since then he has been interested in the grocery trade for two years, and also in contracting in railroad supplies, ties, etc. In 1874 his public career was commenced, for it was then that he was elected marshal and street commissioner, serving also in 1875. During 1881-82 he served as township trustee and treasurer, and in the latter year he began to discharge the duties of county treasurer and ex officio collector. In 1884 he was re-elected to the same position. It is no empty, unmeaning compliment to say that the duties of every position he has ever held have been fulfilled with marked fidelity and efficiency. Looking back over his career it must be manifest to the most casual observer that no one of mean ability or little force of character could achieve what he has accomplished. He has accumulated a substantial competency - the result of years of hard work, industry and economy, but he thoroughly merits his success. Mr. McNally was married in 1877 to Miss Ida Fitzpatrick, originally of Canada, though reared in this State. They have three children: Raymond Forest, Mary E. and Lena. Mr. McNally was the eldest child in the family of his parents, John and Mary (Tully) McNally. They were also natives of Ireland.

Mr. McVey is connected with a mercantile house, the reputation of which is second to none in Northwest Missouri, for in extent it is acknowledged to be one of the largest establishments of the kind to be found in the State outside of the largest cities. The business was first established by Mr. McVey in 1866, and in 1871 Mr. Benjamin Smith became associated with him as a partner, the style of the firm name being Smith & McVey since that time. Mr. Smith is not a citizen of this county, but is the resident buyer in the East. Between St. Joseph and Hannibal, on the line of the Hannibal and St. Joseph Railroad, there is no house of the kind which can he compared to this one, and the business which is done here is of no small proportions. For assortment the stock would do credit to any city, and those with whom Messrs. Smith & McVey do business will bear out the statement that they can not be better suited in larger cities or secure goods at any better prices than here. Mr. McVey was born in Wyoming county,. N. Y., in 1836, and reared on a farm, but early entered into mercantile life, in which calling he was engaged until the outbreak of the war. He then enlisted in the United States Navy as a private and after serving a year before the mast he was appointed paymaster in the Navy, a position the duties of which he continued to discharge until the close of the war. After being mustered out of the service of the United States he came to Missouri and took up his location in Chillicothe, where he has since been identified with the interest of the city and county. Among other positions which he has occupied might be mentioned those of mayor and member of the city council. In educational matters he has always taken a foremost part, and for a long period he has acceptably served as a member of the board of education. It is but true to say that while Mr. McVey is unassuming in his demeanor and desirous to avoid anything of the nature of notoriety, he is one of the worthy, substantial residents of Livingston county, and as such is recognized by a host of acquaintances.

Mr. Mahaffy's career in life, as far as its connection with industrial affairs is concerned, might be divided into two periods, that during which he was occupied in agricultural pursuits, and his more recent experience in the capacity of a merchant. In either of these callings he has had the energy and push to attain to success, but his present business seems to be the one for which he is especially fitted. June 11, 1848, his birth occurred in Jefferson county, la., the thirteenth of 14 children in the family of his parents, Samuel and Isabel Mahaffy, nee Duncan. Samuel Mahaffy came originally from the Buckeye State, where he was brought up, removing from there to Illinois and thence to Iowa. In that State young Taylor was reared and from an early age he acquired an excellent knowledge of farm life. In 1866, upon first coming to Livingston county, Mo., he resumed agricultural pursuits, and applied himself closely in that direction for nearly nine years; but in 1875 he was prevailed upon to enter in active business little, and in company with his brother-in-law, Mr. D. Stewart, be opened out a mercantile establishment at Unionville, Mo. Up to 1878 they engaged in trade at that place, but in the year mentioned they sold out there and embarked in business at Chillicothe, where their well known manner of treating customers, and their excellent stock of goods from which to make selection, have aided them in securing a liberal share of custom. All goods are disposed of on their actual merits, and as low as can be afforded. Mr. Mahaffy was married December 14, 1867, to Miss Maggie Stewart, who was born in this county, a daughter of Robert M. and Martha (Porterfield) Stewart. They have two children: Clyta Belle and Annie Hazel. Mr. Mahaffy has given evidence of his careful, prudent manner of conducting his business operations, and has shown himself to be a good business man. All he possesses has been gained through individual efforts.

By virtue of his long and close attention to the chosen channels of agricultural life Mr. Manning is far better posted in his calling than those men who have in more recent years taken up the occupation of farming and stock raising. His natural characteristics denote him to be persevering and industrious in all that he undertakes, for by nativity he is of Ireland, having been born in County Meath, of the Emerald Isle, in 1826. Bryan and Bridget Manning, his parents, also originally of that country, are now deceased. Peter, after emigrating to America and living here some time, was united in marriage with Miss Catharine Ward, at Alton Ill., and to them five children have been given: George, born August 15, 1859; William, born January 20, 1861; Eliza, born April 5, 1863; Mary J., born October 16, 1865; and John, born July 27, 1867. Mrs. Manning's birth also occurred in Ireland, she having accompanied her parents to the United States. In 1859 Mr. M. came to this county and here he now own 140 acres of prairie land, upon which are substantial and convenient improvements, the buildings being very desirable and complete. Here he gives his attention to tilling the soil and raising stock. He has one sister, Clara Sullivan, now a resident of the Blue Grass State.

Doubtless one of the greatest causes of the success which has attended Dr. Mansfield's professional career is owing to the excellent educational advantages which he enjoyed in growing up - opportunities of inestimable value to any calling in life when properly improved. He was reared in a commonwealth of good schools, Massachusetts, and supplemented his primary education with an attendance at Fairfield College, in Net York, subsequently engaging in the profession of teaching. But a desire to enter upon the practice of medicine as his future vocation caused him to commence preparatory reading with Dr. L. J. Cole, under whose careful instruction he was soon enabled to attend lectures at the Bennett Medical College, of Chicago. Graduating from that institution, he commenced practicing in 1866 and in 1870 removed to Wisconsin, where he remained for four years, thence going to McHenry county, Ill. After five years successful and continued attention to his professional duties Dr. Mansfield came to Chillicothe, and since then his experience has been most gratifying. He has drawn around him a large and profitable patronage and one that seems to be increasing. No obstacle which human exertion could overcome has prevented him from visiting the bedside of the sick to administer to them whatever relief a skilled and faithful physician could afford. He keeps well posted in all the medical literature of the day, and in his library may he found the latest standard works relative to the science of medicine. Special attention is given to chronic diseases, particularly to diseases of the eye, ear and throat. His surgical instruments as well as instruments for those troubles mentioned are unequaled by any in the county. Dr. Mansfield was born in Berkshire county, Mass., May 23, 1842, the son of Hollis and Cynthia Mansfield, nee Mason, the former a native of Vermont, and the latter of Massachusetts. He was a tanner by trade and in 1869 located in McHenry county, Ill., where he died in 1883, leaving three children: Joshua, Edward F., and Ella, now Mrs. Earl. June 12, 1884, the Doctor was married to Miss Mary O'Dell, of McDonough county, Ill., daughter of W. E. O'Dell, a prominent man of that county, born in New York.

What is usually termed genius has little to do with the success of men in general. Keen perception, sound judgment, and a determined will, supported by persevering and continuous effort, are essential elements to success in any calling, and their possession is sure to accomplish the aims hoped for in the days of his youth. The jurisprudence of a commonwealth is the most necessary factor towards its growth and permanence, for without a thorough knowledge and administration of the law no form of popular government could long exist. Charles Hurley Mansur, by virtue of his ability as a jurist and his victories at the bar, is eminently worthy of a place in our record of successful men, and the history of his life is an important and honorable part of that of his State and country. As far as is known, the Mansur family were of French origin, having located in England with the Normans. Three brothers of that name came to America together; one was killed by the Indians, another was lost and never heard from. In Savage's History of the Three Generations of New England (1678) mention is made of Robert Mansur, a householder of Charleston, Mass., and it is from this member of the family that the present Mansur family have descended. The maternal grandmother of Charles H. was born on the Eastern shore of Maryland and died at the residence of her daughter in Ray county, Mo., in 1866, at the age of 95 years, 5 months, and 15 days. His parents were Charles and Rebecca (Wills) Mansur, their marriage having occurred in May, 1834. Charles Mansur, upon leaving his native State - New Hampshire - went to Boston and thence to Philadelphia, where he was married, his wife having been born in Camden, N. J. From Philadelphia he came to St. Louis, Mo., in 1837, gave attention to merchandising for some years on the levee, and in 1846 he removed to Ray county, where he followed the mercantile business in connection with farming until his death, August 12, 1847. His worthy companion survived until May 8, 1873. Of the children which blessed their union three are now living, Charles H., William H. and Emma, wife of Henry Ellis, at this time a resident of a portion of the old Ray county homestead. Charles H. Mansur was born in the city of Philadelphia, Pa., March 6, 1835. He had settled in Ray county the year preceding his father's removal to that locality, being placed under the care of an uncle until the arrival of the other members of the family. In that vicinity he passed his younger days, growing up on a farm until the age of 15, and then, having in the meantime received a primary course of instruction in the district schools, he supplemented this by a three years' attendance in Lawrence Academy, at Groton, Mass. For three years succeeding his term of study there he was engaged in clerical work, devoting, at the same time, his leisure hours in the reading of the law. His preceptors were men of recognized worth and standing in the legal profession - Messrs. Oliver & Conrow - the former of whom was afterwards a member of Congress. Mr. Conrow was killed about 1865 in Mexico. He had belonged to the Confederate Congress. On the 30th of August, 1856, Mr. Mansur was admitted to the bar by Judge Geo. W. Dunn, and November 1 following he came to Chillicothe and entered actively upon the practice of his profession, his application and talents soon giving him prominence at the bar and securing for him a liberal clientage. September 15, 1859, he was united in marriage with Miss Damaris M. Brosheer, daughter of Thomas Brosheer, formerly from Fleming county, Ky., and herself a native of Palmyra, Mo. Mr. and Mrs. Mansur have had two children born to them, Jessie R. and Charles W. He is a member of the A. F. and A. M. and I. O. O. F. fraternities, and in the latter order has held the position of grand master, grand chief patriarch and grand Representative. Besides his identification with Livingston county professionally Mr. Mansur has found time to tape prominent and influential positions in matters pertaining to its educational and other interests, his outspoken advocacy of our present public free school system being well known. The people of Chillicothe have reason to he indebted to him for his instrumentality and efforts towards the erection of the present school building, a structure which is the pride of the city. He is now serving his third term (each for three years) as a member of the board of education. His attitude as a leading lawyer and politician renders him able to exert a healthful influence upon society and the State in which he resides. In 1874 he was the choice of the people for prosecuting attorney, and in 1876 he was re-elected to the same position. After the war, when Judges Scott, Napton and Ewing were removed from the judicial bench of the Supreme Court on account of the ousting ordinance, Mr. Mansur took a firm stand that he would never vote for a man to fill their places so long as their names could he had for use before the convention. At the personal request of Judge Ewing, Mr. Mansur went to Jefferson City and in the convention seconded his nomination and afterwards Judge Napton was, on his (Mansur's) motion, nominated by acclamation for that place. Judge Scott had previously died. As a Democrat he is deservedly popular with his party throughout the entire country. In 1876 he nominated Hon. John S. Phelps for Governor, in the State Convention, and in 1884 he was selected as the most proper person to second the nomination of Allen G. Thurman for President. The speech which he made upon that occasion is said to have been one of remarkable merit, surpassed by none in the convention, and receiving universal commendation. He has served as a delegate to two National Democratic conventions, and to State and local conventions times without number. In 1872 he received the joint nomination for Congress of the Liberal Republicans and Democrats of the Tenth district, and also of the Democratic party of the same district. But he was defeated by a small majority. In 1880 he was again nominated for Congress by the Democrats in his district but the combined Greenback and Republican votes again won the day. As a speaker in Northwest Missouri, it is out the truth to say that Mr. Mansur has been excelled by none, and his endeavors in the interests of his party have been resultful of great good. Some of his speeches in these campaigns have been mentioned as among the best specimens of forensic eloquence ever delivered in this portion of the State.

Mr. Mansur's whole heart is in his profession, for he loves the law and has the most exalted respect for its conscientious end honorable followers. His reputation is that of a safe counselor, a fearless, eloquent, earnest and most convincing advocate. His strict integrity, affable and courteous manner and the aggressive conduct of his cases, together with that determination for which he has become so well known and noted, have won for him the large and enviable practice which he enjoys. Personally he is upright, honorable and just in all matters concerning his political action, as well as in matters of private life.

It is the truth to say that "man is the architect of his own fortune." Circumstances may make or mar his prospects to a certain extent, but a determined will will bend even the force of circumstances to its bidding. In the battle of every-day life the victory is to the vigilant, the active, the brave. William H. Mansur is a brother to Charles H. Mansur, whose sketch immediately precedes this and in which an outline of the family history has been given. Besides what has there been mentioned it might be said that the great-grandfather, William Mansur, was a native of Temple, N. H., and for his services in the early Indian wars was given a land grant by the Government. His son, the grandfather of he subject of this sketch, Stephen Mansur, lived for many years at Wilton, N. H. William H. Mansur was born on the 6th of November, 1840, in St. Louis, Mo. He accompanied his parents to Ray county, Mo., upon their removal there, and, like his brother, was reared to a farm experience, becoming well acquainted with the duties of farm life. At the breaking out of the war in 1861 he enlisted in the 3d Missouri regiment, C. S. A., and participated during his term of service in all the principal engagements in which the command was occupied, including among others those of Carthage, Dry Wood, Lexington, Pea Ridge, Corinth, Iuka, Champion's Hill, Grand Gulf, Vicksburg and Franklin, his career as a soldier involving him in many perilous and severe campaigns. For one year after the war Mr. Mansur remained at Demopolis, Ala., going thence to St. Louis, where he stopped seven years, occupied first as salesman in a whole-sale house and then for two years in the commission business. For a period of five years thereafter he was interested in the banking business at Salisbury, Chariton county, Mo. In 1881 he came to Chillicothe and has since been connected with the Chillicothe Savings Bank as its president, a position which his superior business ability and excellent financial judgment render him capable of filling with satisfaction. December 22, 1861, Mr. Mansur was united in marriage with Miss Bettie Hughes, of Ray county, and a daughter of James Hughes, a resident of that county. The names of the five children which have been given to them are: James H., Charles Marion, Guy Hampton, Robert Stockton and Lulu May. Though Mr. Mansur has been successful personally, he has ever been a citizen of public spirit, enterprising and reliable in every transaction. As a man he is held in high esteem.

E. L. Marsh, of the Chillicothe Tribune, one of the leading newspapers in point of circulation and influence in Livingston county, is justly entitled to no inconsiderable measure of credit for the enviable position his paper occupies among the better class of country journals in Northwest Missouri. He was born at Sackett's Harbor, N.Y., August 2, 1833, his father being James Marsh, a native of England. The latter came to the United States when young and took up his location in New York State, where he gave his attention to his chosen occupation of farming until his death in 1865. The name of Eli's mother before her marriage was Sarah Membery, and she came originally from Somersetshire, Eng., her father being a sea captain of considerable means who emigrated to America and subsequently died here. Eli J. Marsh was the eldest of nine children in his parents' family, and five of these are still living. His early life thoroughly fitted him for industry and perseverance, for his attentions were devoted to the duties about the home farm; at the same time he was favored with good school advantages, receiving an academic education and afterwards he engaged in teaching. Choosing the law as the profession of his future career, he attended the Albany Law School and was graduated from that institution in 1858, and up to the breaking out of the war he continued to apply himself closely to practice. For two years he filled the position of school loan commissioner. Early in 1861 Mr. Marsh enlisted in the 35th New York volunteer infantry, was commissioned first lieutenant and served until his term of enlistment had expired, after which he entered the 186th New York volunteer infantry, receiving the commission of lieutenant-colonel. His military experience was not ended until peace had been declared, and during the four years of his active service he participated in the first and second battles of Bull Run, Cedar Mountain, South Mountain, Antietam, Fredericksburg, with Grant in the series of actions at and around Richmond, and up to the surrender of Gen. Lee. Upon being honorably mustered out Mr. Marsh settled in Chillicothe, Mo., where his ability was recognized by those who placed him in the office of circuit attorney in 1867. He was also a member of the board of education, and on March 4, 1868, Gov. McClurg appointed him judge of the court of common pleas, in which capacity he remained until March, 1871. May 15, 1871, his faithfulness to the Republican party and the interest he had ever taken in its behalf were rewarded by his appointments postmaster of Chillicothe, a position the duties of which he continued to discharge until May, 1885. In 1869 he purchased an interest in the Tribune, and since his resignation as postmaster he has attended to the editorial conduct of this representative journal. In every essential feature it is a paper in which Mr. M. as well as the community at large may justly feel no ordinary degree of pride, and the Republican cause which it upholds has suffered nothing from any fault of his, but on the contrary has been greatly benefited in this community. A lawyer of established reputation, and a journalist who is widely known, Mr. Marsh is at the same time a man of more than local prominence as a political speaker and a leader in public affairs. His course has always been unusually manly, and in debate he has ever been so devoid of anything ungentlemanly that his opponents can but respect him. Well informed on all general topics, he is still a close student and a great reader, and with a retentive memory has the advantage of a large reserve to drat upon in case of an emergency. In May, 1859, Mr. Marsh was married to Miss Mary Skinner, daughter of Judge Calvin Skinner, of Adams, N. Y., a lady whose natural grace, and refinement of manner have endeared her to a divide circle of friends. Their only daughter, Miss Maria, a young lady 18 years of age, and a most accomplished person, died December 13, 1883.

That Chillicothe has become such a quiet, orderly place, and one in which so little disturbance occurs, is a just compliment to its present efficient marshal, Herreman O. Meek, who never takes advantage of his position, though never failing to do his duty when occasion requires. He is now little past the age of 32 years, having been born February 20, 1854, in Hancock county, Ind. His parents are John F. and Sarah A. Meek, nee Hunt, the former of Wayne county and the latter of Hancock county, Ind. John F. Meek removed to Mercer county, Mo., in 1856, and after a two years' residence there came to Livingston county in 1858; by trade he was a bricklayer. In the family of himself and wife were six children: H. Ora, Surrethna, wife of Gran. Cooper; Jim E., Bazel J., John F. and Alpha May. Having been so young when brought to Chillicothe H. Ora has been reared in this city, and after learning the trade of bricklaying with his father he continued to work at it until his appointment to his present position in May, 1885. His official duties are discharged in a manner which leaves the impression that he is naturally fitted for the office, as doubtless he is. He is a man of family, Miss Irene Gharky having become his wife March 8, 1875. Her birthplace was in Tuscarawas county, O. Three children have been born to them: Herreman J. W., Eva. I. And Mary. Mr. Meek is a member of Friendship Lodge No. 89, A. F. and A. M. His maternal grandmother, Priscilla Hunt, is still living in Chillicothe. She was born end reared in Maysville, Mason county, Ky., her birth occurring March 2, 1806. Notwithstanding her advanced age she is well preserved in mind and body. Her husband, Herreman H. Hunt, was also of Kentucky nativity, end they had 12 children. He was a farmer by calling, and died in Mercer county, Mo., in 1857. Mrs. Hunt's maiden name was Willett.

When Mr. Middleton entered upon the discharge of the duties of his present position he was not unknown to the people of Chillicothe, or to those of the surrounding territory, for his official career as county clerk and city clerk and recorder gave him an extended acquaintance. Since 1874 he has been cashier of the above mentioned institution, and by his safe, cautious manner of doing business, and excellent financial management has demonstrated his fitness for such a responsible position. Added to his acquired ability are to be seen his natural traits of character, for he is of Scotch ancestry and nativity, having been born April 11, 1831, in Aberdeen, Scotland. His father, James Middleton, who was a stone-cutter by trade, was also a native of Scotland, and so was his mother, whose maiden name was Elizabeth Robertson. In 1837 they emigrated to the United States and settled in New York, from whence in two years they went to what is now West Virginia. The family became located in Daviess county, Mo., in 1849, and there Mr. Middleton, Sr., died in 1852, his worthy wife surviving until 1855, when she, too, departed this life. Four children were in their family besides John R., who was the eldest: Catharine, wife of Carey Murphy (she died in Texas); Mary, who married Ambrose Braughton; Eliza, Mrs. John Courter, and William, who enlisted in the C. S. A. and was killed at the battle of Pea Ridge. In growing up John passed his time principally in Virginia on a farm, and after his removal to Daviess county, Mo., he followed school teaching. May 10, 1863, he removed to Livingston county, entered as clerk in a store here and was subsequently appointed city clerk and recorder, a position he filled for two terms. In 1872 he was elected clerk of the county court, and afterwards re-elected, gaining for himself a worthy name as an efficient, capable official. The same day that his term expired he entered his present position. Mr. Middleton is a married man, Miss Elizabeth Breeden, a Kentuckian by birth and daughter of Joseph Breeden, having become his wife in April, 1851. Seven children who blessed this union survive: Frances, wife of S. Stewart, Sarah, now Mrs. G. D. Brant; Thomas J., Mary, wife of W. O. Clerk; Minnie, Willie, Lulu and John. Willis is deceased. Mr. Middleton is a Knight Templar in the Masonic Order, and is a past master in the Blue Lodge, and past high priest of the Chapter. He has served as secretary of the Chapter for 17 years, and as recorder of the Commandery since its organization under dispensation.

For a period of nearly 20 years Mr. Milbank has been associated with the interests of Chillicothe as owner and proprietor of the City Mills an establishment unexcelled by any in the line of milling in the county. A complete and thorough knowledge of the business bus served to give him an insight into the needs of the people whom he has endeavored to serve in every way, and thus has he drawn around him a host of friends. Born on the 15th of July, 1833, in Essex, England, Mr. Milbank is now in his fifty-third year, and may be said to have been reared to a milling experience; however, in early life he passed some time on a farm in the country of his birth, and in 1855 emigrated to America, working some time at Akron, O., from whence he went near to Evansville, Ind. From 1856 to 1860 he was employed in and around the city of St. Louis, and in the last mentioned year he located at Troy, Madison county, Ill., there engaging in business for himself. In 1867 he came to Chillicothe and built his present mills, known as the City Mills, the reputation of which is by no means local, for he has quite a custom on the line of the Hannibal and St. Joseph and Wabash Railroads. In January, 1883, he added to the mills a full roller process and at this time has a capacity for turning out 150 barrels of flour daily. This product is noted for its superior quality and Mr. Milbank deserves much credit for what he has done to promote the agricultural interests of the county by paying liberal prices for wheat produced here, for it is a fact well known that for this article he gives almost the same as it would bring in St. Louis and Chicago markets; in selling his flour he has done it at a close margin. Mr. Milbank's success in life has been accomplished through his own efforts entirely. He has paid very close attention to his chosen calling and is everywhere recognized as a good business man. He was the fourth son and fifth child of his parents' family - Thomas and Sarah (Wallace) Milbank, the former a native of England, where also he died, as did his wife. He was a farmer by occupation. Mr. M. was married May 3, 1860, to Miss Nellie Swain, originally from Illinois, and to them nine children have been given: John T., Sallie W., George M., Lucy T., Charles R., Harry S., Mary L., Kate S. One is deceased, Nellie May.

Were one to ask the leading characteristics of Mr. Minteer as a man, the answer would come almost involuntary that he is a safe, cautious person, unpretending, but well informed, universally esteemed and of unswerving integrity - a man who has been tried but not found waiting and one capable of discharging his official and private duties." with competency. James C. Minteer was born in Harrison county, Ky., March 13, 1833, the son of William Minteer, of Pennsylvania nativity, who moved to the Blue Grass State when quite young. He was a shoemaker by trade and continued to make his home in his adopted State until his death in 1848. The mother's maiden name was Sarah Davis, a Kentuckian by birth. Of their family of children, 9 grew to maturity, and of these James was the third son and child. As he grew up in the State of his birth, he acquired a mercantile experience, following that business with perseverance and assiduity until coming to Monroe county, Mo., in 1856. In 1857 he left there to locate in Livingston county (in March) and here he was occupied in merchandising up to 1872. In the fall of that year in response to the urgent requests of his many friends, he was induced to make the race for county treasurer and collector, and such was his personal popularity and recognized fitness for the position that he was elected at the next general election, and for four succeeding terms was re-elected by increased majorities - a compliment which needs no empty words of comment. In 1880 he made the run in convention for State treasurer on the Democratic ticket, but although received a handsome vote he was defeated, and again in 1884, also. June 24, 1860, Mr. Minteer was united in marriage with Miss Ellen F. Jones, whose birth occurred in Cumberland county, Ky. Her father, Thomas E. Jones, is an agriculturist of prominence. Five children have blessed the union of Mr. and Mrs. Minteer: Thomas S., James C., Charles H., Julia J. and Harry W.

Mr. Minteer's parents were William and Sarah Minteer, nee Davis the former a son of William Minteer (of Pennsylvania), the father of his wife being Solomon Davis, of Kentucky. William Minteer was born February 25, 1803, and Mrs. M., February 10, 1807. He continued to live in his native State, Pennsylvania, until 18 years old, then moved to Lexington, Ky., remained three or four years, and upon going to Harrison county he was married at, the age of 21 years. Nine children constituted their family: Matthew, born September 21, 1827, died in 1874; John W., born in Harrison county, Ky., October 14, 1830; James C., born March 13, 1833; Mary E., born July 9, 1835, and now deceased; Sarah J., born November 10, 1837; Joseph C., born August 20, 1840; Julia F., born June 21, 1843, died in August, 1866; Naomi C., born October 15, 1845, and Lottie, born January 14, 1848. The subject of this sketch lived with his parents until 27 years of age, being married October 14, 1854, to Miss Sarah F. Carter. March 28, 1857, he became located in this county and has since made this locality his home, his connection with the agricultural affairs of the community having resulted most profitably to himself as well as to others. Mrs. Minteer's father, Richie Carter, was born in Richmond, Va., in 1790, and died in 1865 in Harrison county, Ky. Her mother, formerly Mildred Whitten, died in the same county February 20, 1863. Sarah F. was the sixth child and second daughter in their family, the others being Richie, who client in Florida while in the United States service; Griffin, died in 1854; Elizabeth, of Lexington; John W. and Lucinda, of Harrison county, Ky.; George, died in 1874. May, 1864, Mr. M. left Chillicothe for Montana, remaining there until 1865 and living in a mining camp during that time. On his return he went by team to Salt Lake and thence by stage to Denver, from whence he took passage with Keith & Cook bound for Nebraska. While making this trip Indians attacked the train and wounded one citizen. From Nebraska City he came by stage to St. Joseph, Mo. Mr. Minteer owns an estate of 163 acres, land well adapted for the general purposes of farming. Himself and wife have four children: Cordelia, born June 4, 1855, died February 28, 1863; William, born August 11, 1860, died August 25, 1863; Mary Elizabeth, born May 6, 1862, wife of William Dougherty, whom she married in October, 1880, and Matthew, born September 16, 1865.

If, as is self-evident, this work would be incomplete without sketches of the more public-spirited of the successful agriculturists and stock men and substantial, well-to-do citizens of Livingston county, then the biography of the subject of this sketch justly finds a conspicuous place in the present volume. John Morris is foreign born, England being the place of his birth, and August 20, 1829, the date. His parents, Edward and Anna (Bishop) Morris, also natives of England, emigrated to the United States when John was quite young; he had two brothers, one of who, Albert, conducts a carriage factory at Pique O., and Henry is engaged in the dairy business in Cincinnati, O. Edward Morris, after reaching this country, located upon a farm in Otsego county, N. Y., and subsequently became a drover, buying cattle throughout the States of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois and Kentucky, and driving them to Philadelphia and New York. Previous to his last sickness that resulted in his death he went to New York with stock that sold for $50,000, but being taken ill he returned home and died in 1849; the commission man who had purchased the stock refused to turn over the proceeds to the rightful owners until an administrator was appointed, and when that was done he had left for parts unknown and the family never received a dollar. John Morris, a worthy representative of him whose name he bears, early learned to assist his father in the duties about the home farm, and after the latter's demise he went to a place near Cincinnati, O., carrying on farming and stock operations in Hamilton county until purchase of his present excellent place in 1862. He subsequently stocked this place and in 1865 took up his permanent residence in this county. He built a splendid dwelling soon after, but this was destroyed by fire in 1867; since then Mr. Morris has erected on his place one of the finest houses in the county, a model of convenience and comfort, as well as of architectural beauty. Perhaps no man in this community has done as much for the stock interests of this county as has Mr. M. Upon his place at this time he has 1,000 head of sheep, a flock of 100 Cotswold pure blooded, and 100 pure Merino, the rest, being a cross. His 75 head of cattle are registered or eligible of registry and he also owns 25 head of a high grade. His drove of Berkshire swine are unsurpassed, and indeed it is hard to find anywhere better animals than are to be seen on this farm. He finds ready markets all over the country, including Colorado, Texas, Nebraska and the Territories. Mr. Morris' wife was formerly Miss Mary Rowe, of New York State ,a daughter of James B. Rowe, an agriculturist by occupation, whom he married in June, 1849. Eight children have, blessed the happy married life of this estimable couple, six of whom survive: Edward, Anna E. wife of Charles McFarland, of Newton, Ia.; John, Albert, Harry and Willie A. Mary Louisa and an infant daughter, Mattie are deceased. Mr. Morris owns 1,200 acres of land, the improvements of which are all that could be desired. Personally only less than a citizen and a neighbor he and his worthy wife are held in the highest respect of all who know them. To meet them once is to desire for a more extended acquaintance.

Among the citizens of Livington county long and favorably identified with its social and business life was the father of the subject of this sketch, Robert B. Moss, now deceased, but a man well remembered in this community. He was reared in Claiborne county, Tenn., where his birth occurred in 1806, and remained there until 1838. He was the son of Reuben Moss, originally from North Carolina and a farmer by occupation, who removed to Grundy county, Mo., in 1838, where he passed away about the year 1845. In 1836 Robert Moss was married to Miss Sarah Crockett, a Virginian by birth, two years after which he came with his wife to this county, here engaging in farming. He was an early settler of the county and became intimately connected with its affairs from first to last. For twenty-five years he was justice of the peace and also served with distinction as county judge. The new part of the town of Spring Hill was laid off on his lend. On his birthday June 6, 1872, he died, leaving 10 children: Margaret A., now Mrs. C. Lewis; Sarah S., John T., Andrew C., James (now deceased), Mary F., wife of Dr. Burke; Marshall A., Martha., William R. and Elizabeth L. Mrs. Moss survived until 1881.

John T. Moss is looked upon almost as one of the native born residents of the county for he was but an infant when brought here, having been born in Grundy county, Mo., May 6, 1841. In this vicinity he was brought up, early becoming acquainted with the details of agricultural life, and after obtaining a general education he read law and was subsequently admitted to the bar in 1874. Since that time he has devoted himself to the real estate and law business. He has a complete and reliable set of abstracts of lands in the county, and therefore it goes without saying that he has a substantial and lucrative business. By his unexceptional bearing as a citizen, his strict integrity and recognized qualifications, he because so well recommended that in 1865 he was elected to the office of county assessor, in which he served four years. He is very attentive to his duties and thoroughly reliable in every transaction in life and thus merits the confidence reposed in him. Mr. Moss' wife was formerly Miss Hesther Lowe, to whom he was married September 9, 1866. She came originally from Ohio to this county in infancy, her father being Luther Lowe. Mr. and Mrs. M. have two children: Edwin H. and Frederick L.

Situated three miles east of Chillicothe, on the Hannibal and St. Joseph Railroad, is to be found the excellent farm of Mr. Mumpower, which includes 264 acres and here until recently he has actively been engaged in farming and stock raising. A native of Washington county, Va., he was born there June 2, 1815, made it his home until September 13, 1841, and on November 13 following he landed in Clay county, Mo., near Hainesville, where he remained nine years, coming thence to this county March 20, 1850, and here he has since resided. In the family of his parents, Henry and Mary Magdalena Mumpower, were 14 children, all of whom were born in Washington county, Va.: - Peter married a daughter of Daniel Conley; Rebecca married a son of the same; William married a daughter of Isaac Booher; John died after his marriage; Benjamin married a Miss Richards; Catherine, wife of Jesse Ruse; Jacob married a daughter of Joseph Gray; Henry married first a Mrs. Epperson, and afterwards a daughter of Daniel Conley; Ann, wife of Fred. Booher; Samuel married a Miss Cloud; Isaac, deceased, married a daughter of Isaac Booher; George was married to a daughter of George Leonard, and Abraham, whose wife, a daughter at Fred. Booher, is now dead. David M. Mumpower was married in his native county April 8, 1841, to Miss Amanda F. Gray, the fourth child and second daughter of John R. and Sarah Gray. Of her brother and sisters Lilburn, Elizabeth, Joseph, Pleasant, and Sarah are deceased; Thomas C. married Miss Mary Jane Henderson, daughter of Silas Henderson, in 1849; and Margaret is the wife of J. W. Brown, public administrator of Caldwell county, Mo. Mr. and Mrs. Mumpower have had 12 children: John A., born January 8, 1842, now presiding elder of Fayette district, married Miss Lucinda Carr, April 27, 1871, and they have one child living and one deceased; Salina, born September 21, 1843, is deceased; Sarah A., born November 25, 1845, is the wife of Jno. W. Carr, of Mooresville, Mo., and they have three children living and two deceased; Thomas G., born November 30, 1847, is professor in Central College, at Fayette; his wife was formerly Miss Mollie Leeper, and they have five children; Stephen B. Mumpower is referred to in the sketch following this; Melvina J., born February 8, 1851, is deceased; Mary E., born January 5, 1853, is now Mrs. F. K. Thompson, of this county, mentioned elsewhere; William G., born April 12, 1855, married Miss Eliza B. Fields and they have a daughter; Louisa W., born April 20, 1857, is Mrs. John F. Wolfingburger, and the mother of one son and Luther, born August 24, 1859; Virginia E., born September 12, 1861; and Julia Florence, born October 8, 1866, are all now deceased. Mr. M. has served not less than nine years as school director and has also been road overseer. He belongs to the M. E. Church South and himself and wife are two of the three original organizers of a church in this neighborhood now living.

In the biography which immediately precedes this reference has already been made to the subject of this sketch, a man who shares largely in the esteem and respect of his honored father. He was born March 29, 1849, in Clay county, Mo., and very naturally entered at an early age into agricultural pursuits, and this calling he has since followed. Until the fall of 1876 he remained at home with his parents, but in that year he located two reviles east of Chillicothe, and resided at that place up to 1883. Then he came to his present residence, three miles from town, where he has a farm of 120 acres, all under cultivation, in pasturage, etc. A small orchard and neat residence are upon the place, and in his operations he is meeting with substantial success. His marriage to Miss Sarah E. Kent, daughter of U. B. Kent, was consummated February 27, 1876, and to them two children have been born, Loula May, born June 12, 1878, and Effie Idell, born April 14, 1880. Mr. and Mrs. M. are members of the M. E. Church South, with which he became connected at the age of 16 years. In that denomination be has served as steward and class leader.

In his present position as clerk of the circuit court of this county Mr. Munro is proving himself to be efficient and popular, and the manner in which he has acquitted himself has justly won him the name of being possessed of more than ordinary business ability. He is a native born citizen of this county, his birth having occurred here April 15, 1844. His father, George Munro, who was born in Bourbon county, Ky., was the son of Daniel Munro, also of that county; he was killed by the Indians in New Mexico, while engaged in the Santa Fe trade. William's mother, formerly Mary Morrin, also a Kentuckian by birth, was the daughter of John Morrin, of that State. George Munro was early brought to Missouri, his settlement in Howard county dating from 1812. His mother came to that county at the same time, so that his parents were reared together and subsequently married there, afterwards living a short time in Cooper county. In 1837 they came to Livingston county, and in Grand River township the father gave his attention to agricultural pursuits. In their family were six children: Susan married W. F. Peery; Sarah became the wife of Ira Benson; Eleanor married first John Wolfskill, and after his death, Rexford Wells; Eliza married D. A. Creason; Nannie married James Wright, and William P. is the subject of this sketch. As the time approached for him to be able to occupy himself be became acquainted with the duties of the home farm from time to time, in the meantime, however, attending the common schools. In 1875 he was made deputy circuit clerk and served for eight years. In 1882 he was elected to his present position, in which he has since remained. Mr. Munro was married February 21, 1882, to Miss Dora E. Winters, whose parents were Eben and Margaret Winters, the former of Michigan and the latter of Missouri nativity. Mrs. M. was born in Mercer county, Mo. They have two children, George E. and Maggie F. Mr. M. is a Knight Templar in the Masonic order. June 23, 1885, he was appointed by Gov. Marmaduke one of the Commissioner of Insane Asylum No. 3, for Southwest Missouri. George Munro, referred to above, was one of the most prominent and influential men who ever made his home in this county. He was the possessor of large landed estates and for three terms served in the State Legislature, twice being elected without opposition and once with but slight competition.

Among the worthy young men of Livingston county whose merits are such as to entitle them to representation in the present work, is Mr. Zibe B. Myers, the subject of this biographical notice. His connection with the interests of Chillicothe and surrounding country have contributed very materially to give him an extensive acquaintance, while his accommodating and agreeable manners have rendered him none the less popular. Then, too, the fact of his being a native of this place accords him a worthy place in the esteem of the citizens of the county. Zibe B. Myers was born October 9, 1860, and is the son of Jacob L. Myers, originally from West Virginia, and Carolina., nee Holcombe, whose native State was North Carolina. Twelve children were in their family: Thornton Z., William E., Jacob S., James A., Edward L., Zibe B., Stonewall P., Lee Davis, Permelia D., Andrew J., and two now deceased, Lizzie and Charlie. Zibe, the seventh son, was brought up in this county is a farmer's boy and in 1878 he commenced in his present business. He is now the transfer and baggage and express agent at this place and besides this gives considerable attention to selling fancy poultry, a business in which he has become well known. Among his stock are to be found Plymouth Rock and Light Brahama and Wyandotte and Lang Shans, besides which he keeps Toulouse geese. In season he sells eggs and small chickens. Mr. Myer has given this subject great attention and his careful efforts to secure the finest stock to he had, regardless of expense, have not been unsuccessful. By selling at reasonable prices he is conferring a favor upon those who desire to improve the quality of their fowls. October 5, 1882, Mr. Myer was united in marriage with a young lady of this county, Miss Luella Lile, though at the time a resident of Humiston, Ia. She is a person of many estimable qualities of mind and heart.

Mr. Nave on starting out in little for himself chose as his calling the pursuit of farming, and to this end he has since put forth all his energies, and not without substantial results. The place which ho now occupies is the old Hutchison homestead, an excellent tract of 240 acres, which he cultivates in a manner that could not fail of bringing favorable returns. He takes a native pride in all that he does, for this county has ever been his home, his birth occurring at Spring Hill September 27, 1840. Jesse Nave, his father, was one of the earliest settlers in this community, his location in Livingston county dating from 1836. He was a native of Tennessee. Opening a store at Spring Hill early in its history, he sold goods there for many years and figured prominently in the pioneer events of the county. In 1849 he went to California and died there in 1850. The maiden name of George's mother was Isabella Dixon and she was also a Tennessean by birth. Seven children constituted their family: James, Nancy, who married James Pepper; Mary, Sarah, wife of Henry Hutchison; George, Jesse, now in Oregon; and Isabella, wife of William Sterling. After reaching manhood and becoming well established in life George B. Nave was married to Miss Susannah Hutchison, November 14, 1867. She was a Kentuckian by nativity and the daughter of William and Mary (Carpenter) Hutchison; the former was born in the Blue Grass State April 10, 1806, and died April 4, 1855; his widow was also born in the same State July 29, 1808. Their marriage was consummated February 16, 1825, and the following children were given them: John J., of Harrison county, Mo.; Sophia J., wife of Julius Dee; Henry, Elizabeth, now Mrs. Jackson Cook,: Susannah, Mrs. Nave, Amanda, who married Mr. V. Harper and Polly A., wife of J. Dayton. Mrs. Hutchison is remarkably vigorous for one of her age and is well preserved in years. Mr. Nave is highly thought of as a neighbor and citizen and thoroughly reciprocates the esteem which is accorded him.

Capt. Norville is now numbered among the influential and esteemed residents of Chillicothe, and justly so, for all will admit that he is a man who can be depended upon, one who endeavors to do his city in every-day affairs in life, attending to his duties in a manner not calculated to attract unusual attention, but with a persistency and attentiveness that have redounded largely to his success both professionally and personality. His father, Lumon Norville, was a native of New York, and in early life came to Ohio, learning the trade of tanner, currier and shoemaker at Cleveland, where he made his home until his death in September, 1884. July 12, 1833, he was married to Eliza Oakes, originally from Hawley, Mass., and on July 12, 1883, they celebrated their golden wedding. Four children blessed their happy married life: William N., Amanda, now Mrs. Peter Dillon, Anson and Henry, who was a soldier in the Federal army during the war and died from disease contracted in the service. The first named was born near Cleveland, O., May 13, 1834, and he was reared at his birthplace until 15 years of age, assisting his father up to that time, and the ten succeeding years he passed in acquiring an education and teaching school, besides preparing himself for the practice of law. As his preceptors he had George Bliss and John Grannis, of Cleveland, and in 1857 he was admitted to the bar. In 1858, going to Iowa, he made his home for a short time in Butler county, and in the spring of 1859 took a trip to Pike's Peak. But meeting with disappointment he returned to "the States "and in September of the same year settled at Chillicothe, where he was actively engaged in practicing until the outbreak of the war. Early in 1861, in response to his country's call for troops to suppress the invasion and stay the arm of secession that threatened the destruction of the Union, he raised the first company of soldiers in the county, Co. E, Merrill's Horse, and entered the service, in which he remained three years and eight months. During this period he occupied several important positions, having been judge advocate on the staff of Gen. John W. Davidson, and also filled a like position on the staff of Gen. Eugene Carr. On the staff of Maj.-Gen. E. S. Canby he served as inspector of cavalry for Missouri, Arkansas and Kansas. Besides this he was made provost-marshal in the Palmyra district, then under the command of Brig.-Gen. Thos. J. MoIlean. In October, 1864, Mr. Norville, in answer to a general order, with other officers then on detached service, reported to Gen. Rosecrans, who placed him in command at Lexington, and at the time of Marmaduke's capture he was thus occupied. In February, 1865, Capt. Norville was honorably discharged and then returned to his home in Chillicothe, where he has continued to remain. Politically he has always been an active worker in the ranks of the Republican party, every campaign finding him a leading spirit in promoting the issues with which he is identified. In 1868 he was elected circuit; attorney and held the office until January 1, 1873. In 1874 he was on the Republican ticket as a delegate to the Constitutional convention. In September, 1884, he was nominated by his party for Congress, but was defeated. May 2, 1866, the Captain led to the altar Miss Belle Drake, a native of Ohio, who has become the mother of eight children, four now living: Lottie, Josie, Frank and Oakes. Capt. N. is now past master of the Masonic lodge at this place and also past post commander of the G. A. R. He is a worthy and consistent member of the Baptist Church.

In scanning these sketches biographique of Livingston county one fact must strike the reader with peculiar force - the high standing attained by its business name. There is not a city on the line of the Hannibal and St. Joseph Railroad that has such a thoroughly qualified business population as has Chillicothe, and Mr. Notestine is a leading light among the number. His birth occurred October 11, 1841, in Fort Wayne, Ind., one of three children in the family of his parents, Jacob Notestine and Nancy, nee Hatfield, both natives of Ohio. The latter removed to Fort Wayne in an early day and her uncle erected the first brick building in that city. The father was at Pennsylvania parentage and died when 28 years old; his widow still survives. The two children besides Thomas, referred to above, were Nancy E., now deceased, and Jacob A., a resident of Kansas. Thomas H. Notestine was reared to a farm experience in the Hoosier State, an occupation to which he gave his attention until the outbreak of the war; then he enlisted in the 30th Indiana volunteer infantry as a private and participated in the second battle of Shiloh, Atlanta, and the battles of that campaign, Stone River, Mission Ridge, Lookout Mountain, Nashville, etc. Going thence to Texas he served on Gen. Stanley's staff and had charge of the San Antonio and Mexican Railroad in that State, subsequently being promoted to first lieutenant and quartermaster, and breveted captain of United States troops, by the President of the United States. After he had been mustered out of service Mr. N. returned to Fort Wayne and in 1866 he came to Chillicothe, Mo., working at the carpenter's trade at first and afterwards engaging in mercantile pursuits. In 1872 he commenced selling goods for a Philadelphia firm throughout the West, thus still better qualifying himself for the successful conduct of his own business which he started in 1880, and this he has since continued. He has been associated with Mr. Joseph C. Minteer, ant they have established a very satisfactory trade, and by carrying a large and well assorted stock are enabled to give their customers value received for all purchases made. Mr. Notestine has been twice married; first, in March, 1866, to Miss Emma Larned, of Ohio nativity, who died in January, 1868; his second marriage occurred June 20, 1876, when Miss Georgia Collins, of Burlington, la., became his wife. They have one son, Walton S. Mr. Notestine is a member of the M. E. Church, and Mrs. N. of the Episcopal Church; the former belongs also to the G. A. R. and A. O. U. W. Orders.

It would be hard to find two men better known in connection with the livery business than the Messrs. Platter Brothers, and their acquaintance is by no means a local one but extends over a wide range of territory. Their father, Andrew Platter, was a Kentuckian by birth, and when young moved to Ross county, O., where he subsequently married Hannah Decker. As his occupation he devoted himself to farming and up to 1863 he was identified with the agriculturists of the Buckeye State. In the year mentioned Livingston county, Mo., became his home and the first season was passed on a farm, but in 1864 he purchased buildings in Chillicothe and engaged in the livery business; during the same time he was engaged in buying and selling horses and mules, and up to the date of his death he had built up a reputation in this life second to none in this vicinity. He died in 1875, his wife following him to the grave in 1879. In their family were seven children: Ivea, now Mrs. Seymour; John C., a resident of Ohio; William V. Fox, a wholesale grocer in Texas; Anna, wife of E. H. Lingo, and Frank are living; two sons, Thomas and Luke, are deceased. Andrew Platter was a man the embodiment of honor, genial and social in his disposition and youthful in his feelings. His wife, a loving, faithful woman, and an affectionate mother, was hardly less beloved, and their memory is fragrant in the memories of their children. William Platter, one of the members of the above mentioned firm, and a worthy son of his father, was born in Ross county, O., April 5, 1836, and is therefore only a little past the age of 50 years. His early life was passed on his father's farm and in 1863 he came with the family to this county, where be has since been engaged in the business which now receives his attention. Frank Platter, a younger brother of William, also came originally born Ross county, O., his birth occurring December 8, 1852, and there he remained up to the time of his location in Livingston county in 1863. He was interested in mercantile pursuits for a considerable period, and for five years was with Dunn & Daly in the hardware business, after which, in connection with his brother, William, and H. H. Edsall, he continued the same branch of trade up to 1886. Since that time these brothers have attended strictly to the livery business and the buying and selling of horses and mules, and it is but stating the truth to say that they are as largely interested in this business as any firm in Northwest Missouri. Their enviable reputation for fair and upright dealing is recognized all over this and surrounding counties by those who have had occasion to transact business with them, and this can but result satisfactorily in the end. Mr. Frank Platter was married June 11, 1879, to Miss Ella E. Van Every, who was born in Canada, a daughter of George W. Van Every. They have one son, George W.

There are many men in this county at the present day in whose lives there are but few thrilling incidents or remarkable events, yet whose success has been a steady and constant growth, and who, possessed of excellent judgment, strong common sense and indomitable energy, have evinced in their lives and character great symmetry, completeness and moral standing of a high order. To this class belongs Josiah Y. Powell, who owes his nativity to Wayne county, O., born September 29, 1834. His father, Benjamin Powell, was originally from the same State, as was also his mother, formerly Sarah Carroll. The former was a carpenter by trade and also a civil engineer. Josiah was the tenth child and seventh son of eleven children in his parents' family. His youth while growing up was passed in attending to duties about the home place, then in Cass county, Ind., near Logansport, whither the father had moved in 1835; he gave the name to Harrison township in honor of William Henry Harrison and the first election in the township was held at the house of Benjamin Powell when there were but nine voters in the township. The subject of this sketch, after receiving the benefits of a good education, commenced the study of surveying and made rapid progress in this science. In 1865 he came to Daviess county, Mo., and was engaged in farming and carpentering until 1871 when he settled in this county, here taking up the trade of carpentering. In 1873 he went to Gallatin, making his home in that vicinity until 1876, and during this time he was one of the proprietors of the North Missourian, a journal he conducted with signal success for three years. Upon returning to Chillicothe he continued to be employed at carpenter work until his election to the office of county surveyor in 1880. He has since continued to follow this business, but since 1884 has been deputy county surveyor and bridge commissioner. January 19, 1862, Mr. Powell was married to Miss Phebe E. Weaver, whose birth occurred in Jefferson county, O., in 1844, the daughter of Jacob Weaver, originally from Pennsylvania. Mr. Powell is a member of the I. O. O. F. A fact that should have been mentioned before is that his parents were of Quaker descent and the principles at that sterling honorable class of people have been brought in a remarkable degree to him. Consistent, conscientious and outspoken in whatever he does, he is a man who never fears to carry out his honest convictions under all circumstances. The temperance cause has no warmer friend in the universe than Mr. Powell and his course in endeavoring to promote a warmer interest in the behalf of this ennobling cause is worthy of emulation by every one. He is a prominent member of the State Association of Surveyors and Civil Engineers in whose meetings he always takes a very active part.

The subject of this sketch is of English birth and parentage, having been born April 11, 1883, in England, as were also his parents, Henry and Ann Pringle, formerly Miss Smith. The former followed the trade of merchant tailor and in 1845 he emigrated with his family to America, settling in New York, where he lived for a period of three years. In 1848, going to Tallmadge, Summit county, O., he made his home there until removing to layette county, Ia., in 1852. There he died, leaving a family of six children: Henry, George, William, Sarah, now Mrs. Mitchell; Robert and Charlie. Mrs. Pringle died in 1868. While in Ohio Henry J. learned the trade of carriage making and blacksmithing and subsequently he left Tallmadge and went to Columbus in 1856. During the war he enlisted his services in the United States navy and for one year was with Porter's fleet in the Mississippi squadron, then receiving an honorable discharge. Following this Mr. P. returned to his old home at Columbus, but in 1869 he became a resident of Livingston county, Mo., and here he has since remained, closely identified with the mechanical interests of the community, and as all know he is a thorough master of his trade. Mr. Pringle is a married man, Miss Jane Ann Stebbins having become his wife July 11, 1852. She was originally from the Empire State and died in 1861, leaving one child, Charlie. April 14, 1864, his second marriage occurred, this wife, formerly Miss Mary Brickle, having been a native of Columbus O. This union has been blessed with three children: Grace, Harry and Willie. Mr. P. belongs to the I. O. O. F. and is also a member of the G. A. R., of which he is commander.

Some three and a half miles east of the town of Chillicothe, in a beautiful location on section 3, is found the place owned by Mr. Putnam, where he is now conducting a superior dairy, of profit not only to himself but of great benefit to the people of the surrounding country. It was in 1866 that he first came to the county and for two years he followed building as his occupation, then purchasing a farm which he improved and subsequently sold. Finally he purchased his present place of 100 acres and here his time is devoted, as intimated, to the conduct of a butter dairy. He owns 60 head of cattle and 26 milk cows, and gives preference to the Holstein variety, which he deems to be best adapted to this vicinity; and his aim has always been and is now to make a fancy article of commerce. The quality of his product is unexcelled, and an experience of only about two years in the business is a favorable indication of the promising future which is before him, as well as the improvement of his manufacture. Mr. Putnam was born in Seneca county, N. Y., October 11, 1829, the son of John and Margaretta (Hatter) Putnam, both themselves natives of the Empire State. The former was a shoemaker by trade and died while his son was in infancy. George W. the youngest of 13 children, was reared in Illinois from the age of 12 years, being destined for an experience such as falls to the lot of but few to enjoy. He early learned the trade of carpenter and after working at it for seven years in La Salle county he entered the employ of the Illinois Central Railroad, where he was occupied in the construction of bridge work. Later he served on the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad, but in 1858 he went to the Rocky Mountains and passed several years in different places; for three years be was among the Indians and often has he traveled with the famous hunter, Kit Carson, besides having sat in the Masonic lodge with him. Mr. Putnam is especially well posted on the early history of Denver, for he was one of the first stockholders of the town and was a member of the first vigilant committee of that place. Several important mineral discoveries were made by him. In 1865 he was engaged in freighting across the plains and in 1873 he went to Chicago to purchase wagons for that swine purpose. At one time he bought 110 wagons and returned with then as far West as Atchison, Kan., but disposing of these he decided to remain in "the States." In 1867 Mr. P. visited Iowa and there married Miss Bertha French, who was a native of Pennsylvania but had been taken to the Hawkeye State when a child; her father was Enoch French. Two adopted children are now in the family of Mr. Putnam and wife, John W. end Hattie B. He is a prominent member of the Masonic fraternity, and is also connected with the M. E Church.

It is a historical fact that the first English immigrants to Virginia were a superior race, with enlarged views of government, liberty and law, who sought out homes in obedience to impulses prompted by lofty ambition and sincere desire to benefit their race. From these ancestors sprang men in great numbers who subsequently became prominent in different localities. A worthy son of that State was Samuel Sheetz, the father of the subject of this sketch, who, when a small boy, was taken to Ohio, where he received his education. He became a physician of no little local renown and upon leaving the home of his adoption settled in Clay county, Mo., where he closely applied himself to the active practice of his profession. This he has continued up to the present with a substantial degree of success. Frank's mother was formerly Miss Caroline Osborn, of Indiana nativity. The four children in their family were named William P. (now of Ray county), James L. (an attorney in Clay county), Robert L. (a student at William Jewell College), and Frank. The latter, the second son, was born in Clay county, Mo., September 19, 1851. His boyhood days and youth were passed in that vicinity and there the primary schools found in him a studious pupil. Later on he was enabled to enter McGee College, from which institution, after a thorough course, he was graduated in 1871. Soon a desire to engage in the practice of law led him to commence the study of this science, and under Hon. W. H. Woodson, of Clay county, he pursued an exhaustive course of study and thoroughly fitted himself for admission to the bar. In September, 1873, he was licensed to practice and from that time to the present he has been a worthy member of the bar of Livingston county. He has had excellent success in the management of cases, one of his most prominent characteristics being the persistency with which he follows up the interests of his clients. Unassuming in his demeanor and unmarked with any superficial boisterous behavior, he attends closely to the chosen channels of his professional career. May 7, 1873, Mr. Sheetz was married to Miss Flora B. Rucker, who was born at Mooresville, Livingston county, Mo., the daughter of Edwin Rucker. He was a Kentuckian by birth and died in 1853. They have four children: Edwin R., Samuel, Flora B. and Nellie. Mrs. Sheetz is the owner of 300 acres of farming land in the county.

In 1882 when Mr. S. L. Harris was elected to the position of sheriff of the county the excellent judgment which he displayed in selecting the subject of this sketch as his deputy was most heartily approved by all, and succeeding years have only more firmly established that approval. Aubert M. Shelton is one of Missouri's sons, having been born in Randolph county, February 19, 1858. Anderson M. Shelton, his father, came originally from Lincoln county, Tenn., being taken when three years old to Randolph county, this State and there he was reared and learned the bricklayer's trade. His wife, formerly Miss Alice Alexander, was also a native of Tennessee, of Dyersburg, who bore him two children: Mollie, wife of Spencer Marr, and Aubert M. Mr. and Mrs. S. after leaving Randolph county came to Livingston county and made their home here for 11 years, then returning to Randolph county; they now reside at Moberly. Aubert M. early identified himself with mercantile pursuits in growing up, first entering the store of his uncle, M. H. Smith, with whom he remained five years. Mr. Smith having been elected sheriff, young Shelton was made his deputy, and so it was not without having had some experience that he entered into the office which he now occupies. After his first term in an official capacity he resumed his former calling, selling goods and clerking for Judge Swain until 1882. Since then, as stated, he has been deputy sheriff; and it requires no gift of prophecy to predict for Mr. Shelton a strong and earnest support when he shall see fit to make the race for the position of sheriff. His qualifications have become well known to all, for they are such as to commend him heartily to the people of Livingston county. The next election may find him an able candidate for the office.

Mr. Sherman, who is one of Livingston county's best known business men, has had a mercantile experience such as only a few men in this community, if any, have enjoyed, one which has drawn around him a large host of friends and acquaintances. He came originally from Sullivan county, Ind., where he was born February 3, 1835, the son of Robert Sherman, a native at North Carolina. His (Robert's) wife before her marriage was a Miss Carrico and she afterwards became the mother of eight children, John D. being the fifth son. For nearly 25 years he continued to remain in the State of his birth engaged for the most part in farming, an occupation to which he had been reared and in which the same principles were observed that afterwards characterized his mercantile operations - industry, perseverance and hard work. In 1858 Mr. Sherman left Indiana and took up his location in Livingston county, Mo., and in a short time embarked in the grocery business. During the financial depression in 1873, he in common with others met with reverses, but not easily discouraged or entirely cast down, he resumed business end organized the "Sherman Mercantile Company," of which he became president. This house did a large jobbing trade and became well established as their reputation spread, until their annual sales reached to about $90,000. During the month of March, 1886, Messrs. I. Hirsh and J. F. Sherman purchased the stock of the Sherman Mercantile Company, and in this house Mr. John D. Sherman has since remained, having accepted a position with there. Not only in business circles but officially has he been well known, for some time he was an incumbent of the office of county treasurer, besides holding minor positions of trust and responsibility. On the 23d of January, 1860, Mr. Sherman's marriage to Miss Sarah Stepp was consummated. Her birthplace was in Monroe county, Ind. Two children have been born to them, William O. and Sadie. Mr. S. is a member of the Masonic fraternity.

For many years Dr. Shook was actively and successfully engaged in practicing medicine, but in 1869, on account of ill-health, he was obliged to discontinue this profession, and consequently became occupied in his present line of business. This has become one of extensive proportions, and among the insurance companies which he represents are found noted and substantial ones - Agricultural, of Watertown, N. Y., Royal, of England, Liverpool, of London, and Globe, of England, Phoenix, of London, London and Lancaster, of England, Germania, of New York, German, of Freeport, Ill., and also the Mutual Life, of New York. In his real estate transactions, also, he has met with encouraging success. Samuel Shook was born in Chambersburg, Franklin county, Pa., July 27, 1827, the son of Daniel and Christina (Craft) Shook, the latter of Pennsylvania nativity, but the former originally from Maryland, though having removed to the Keystone State when quite young. Samuel was the youngest of the family of nine children. He remained in his native county until sixteen years of age, went thence to St. Louis, and some three years later moved to Mercer county, Mo., in 1848. In early life while attending school he made choice of medicine as a profession which he would follow in after life, and upon reading with Dr. Marshall Merriam, of Pittsburg, Pa., he subsequently attended medical lectures at McDowell Colleges, of St. Louis. Dr. Shook first commenced practicing at Mercer county, Mo., remaining there and in Sullivan county until 1861, when he came to Chillicothe. Daring the war he enlisted in the Navy Department, under command of Commodore Porter, in 1863, and was thus occupied until the close of the war. After this he practiced his profession at Laclede, Linn county, Mo., and from that on until quitting the practice he was appointed examining surgeon of pensions. ln 1869 the Doctor returned to Chillicothe, and this has since been his home. His marriage to Miss Caroline L. Thaxton was consummated July 24, 1851, his wife having been a Virginian by birth and the daughter of Benjamin F. Thaxton. Dr. Shook is a member of the A. F. and A. M. and belongs to the subordinate lodge and encampment of the I. O. O. F. He also holds membership in the A. O. U. W.

A number of years passed in sincere and earnest endeavor to thoroughly discharge every duty in the different branches of business to which his attention has been directed has contributed very materially to the success that has fallen to Mr. Slagle's career in life. He came originally from Augusta county, Va., where he was born September 26, 1810, the son of George Slagle, of Lancaster county, Pa., and Catherine (Koiner) Slagle, of that same locality. Her death occurred in 1846. The father became located in Virginia in 1782 and ever afterwards resided there, dying April 21, 1828. By trade he was a tanner, though besides owning considerable property he conducted a distillery, ran a mill and gave some attention to agricultural affairs. At his death he left a family of twelve children, of whom Joseph was the youngest, and as such he succeeded in acquiring an education by no means limited. He was brought up in the county of his birth, and some time after entering Charlottesville College he commenced studying for the ministry, going thence in eighteen months to Richmond, Va., in September, 1827. Here he remained until April, 1828, when he was called home on account of his father's death. Following that the family removed to Ohio, and there the subject of this sketch made his home some eight years, his settlement in ties county dating from 1839, when he first came to Missouri. He has continued to live here the greater part of the time since. For four years he sold goods at Cox's Mill, subsequently purchasing the mills on Medicine creek, then the only water mill in Northwest Missouri. He also put in two double wool carding machines and did work for the surrounding counties until 1860. In 1846 he was elected to the official bench of the county and was also justice of the peace for many years, faithfully filling these positions. In 1863 he left with a train for Denver, Salt Lake, Montana and Idaho, freighting across the plains for four years, and after returning he removed to his farm on Cream Ridge, where he lived until his removal into town September 10, 1883. He is now one of the largest property holders in the county, having in his possession some 1,400 acres et land. Mr. Slagle has been married five times: First, January 27, 1832, to Catharine Long, of Ohio, who died July 6, 1841, leaving a son, Columbus Genoa, a prominent physician of Minneapolis, Minn., and a professor in the college at that city. November 22, 1843, Miss Catherine Stone, of Grayson county, W. Va., became his wife, but her death occurred August 24, 1844. His third marriage took place May 5, 1845, to Miss Sarah Littlepage, who departed this life in September, 1840. leaving a daughter, Susan Catharine, now Mrs. William H. Turner, of this county. Mr. Slagle's fourth wife, to whom he was married in 1848, was formerly Miss Crawford, daughter of Mason Crawford, of Hancock county, Ill., where she was also born. She died in 1849. Mr. Slagle was married again in 1869 to Mrs. Lottie P. Ellis, a native of Indiana. They have one son, Joseph Lee. Though past the age of three score years and ten Mr. Slagle is still alive to the general issues of the day, progressive in his ideas, and a citizen who does much to advance the interests of this county.

Generally age and experience are essential to success and promotion, but in the example before us we have a young man who has risen without any especial fortuitous circumstances to the head of one of the representative journals of Livingston county. And though he has but very recently taken charge of this paper, the Constitution, his successful management of other newspaper periodicals warrant the assertion that under his control and conduct this journal is destined to exert an influence which shall be felt in literary circles throughout this vicinity. Mr. Smith is not yet 30 years of age, having been born in Ogle county, Ill., November 24, 1857, the eldest of five children in the family of his parent's, James T. Smith, originally from Washington county, Md., and Ann V. Smith, nee Hess, whose birth occurred in Martinsburg, W. Va,. The others were Mary, Lulah, James B. and Nora. The father was a miller by occupation but in after years he gave considerable attention to dealing in grain. Going to Maryville, Mo., he made his home there for a number of years, finally dying at his birthplace in Maryland, while on a visit, in 1876. Well M. commenced to learn the printer's trade in 1870, when about 13 years old, and before long was enabled to work at the case. Since that time he has been in this business in different capacities. When but a little over 18 years of age he edited the Maryville News, and notwithstanding his youth he made excellent success of that publication. After severing his connection with that paper he became associated with leading daily papers in Kansas City and St. Louis and in March, of the present; year, he took charge of the Constitution at this place. His outlook for the future is indeed promising, for besides being thoroughly posted in his adopted calling, he is energetic and active and a writer of recognized ability and force. Mr. Smith was married April 2, 1883, to Miss Lulu A. Sherwood, of Moberly, Mo. One child is in their firmly: Anna Alverta.

The life of Mr. Smith has been one not unmarked with official public positions, but in all these relations he has proved himself faithful to the trusts committed to him. Whether in his private or official capacity no taint of dishonor can be found. He was born in Logan county, O., October 17, 1841, and was the son of Solomon and Elizabeth " (Swann) Smith, both Virginians by birth, the former having been born in Harrison county and the latter near Harper's Ferry. Solomon Smith, as an occupation, followed farming, and in an early day removed to Ohio. He was a soldier of the War of 1812, and by Hull was surrendered to the British; his death occurred in October, 1872. Benjamin R. was the seventh child and third son in the family of 12 children. Up to the age of 16 he remained upon the home farm, and at that time was enabled to enter school at Bellefontaine, O., where he remained as a pupil, and also engaged as teacher up to 1861. In 1862 he commenced his military experience. Enlisting as a private in the 121st Ohio volunteer infantry, he served until June 25, 1865, being mustered out at Alexandria as first lieutenant. During this term of service he participated in a number of battles besides numerous skirmishes of minor importance. Among these engagements might be mentioned those of Perryville, Fort Donelson, Shelbyville, the first fight at Franklin, Chattanooga, Burnt Hickory, Missionary Ridge, Chickamauga, Kenesaw Mountain, Rome, Resaca, the encounters in and around Atlanta, Peachtree Creek, Jonesboro, thence back to Nashville, and from there to Atlanta, finally accompanying Sherman on his march to the sea. After returning home from the army Mr. Smith resumed school teaching. December 2, 1865, he was married to Miss Susan A. Mix, of Ohio, daughter of Dr. S. Mix, a practicing physician and surgeon of renowned prominence in the Buckeye State. In November, 1866, Mr. Smith came to Missouri, settling in Mooresville, Livingston county, and this county has since continued to be his home, and here he has been identified with many prominent, progressive movements. He has served two terms of four years each as county recorder, having been elected first in 1870 and again in 1874. During his leisure hours he had devoted himself to the reading of the law, and in 1879 he was qualified to apply for admission to the bar, which he did, receiving a license to practice. From this time on for three years he was associated in the practice of law with Col. Mansur, elsewhere referred to in this work. May 3, 1885, Mr. Smith took charge of the post-office at this place, his appointment to this position having been an able recognition of the services which he has rendered the Democratic party. He has not only been an active worker in his party, but has ever watched with deep solicitude the improvement and progress of the principles of Democracy, doing effective work in a quiet as well as public way for that party. In 1864 his convictions led him to east his ballot for Lincoln, and in reviewing this act Mr. Smith says that he considers it one of the best deeds of his life. To himself and wife six children have been given: Sherman M., Edward E., Olive B., Luella, Roy A. and Lottie.

William Summerville, the subject of this sketch, came originally from Pennsylvania, his birth having occurred there November 4, 1830. Consequently be is a little past the age of 55 years. John Summerville, his father, was occupied in tilling the soil in that State during his life, his death taking place in November, 1883. His wife, whose maiden name was Catharine Fergueson, died in 1856. They were the parents of seven children: James H., William, Joseph A., John F., Emily J., Samuel M. and Sarah C. These all live in their native State save John F., who died in 1868. James H. and Samuel M. are interested in the oil business and the others are farmers and stock-raisers. William Summerville, after being reared in the Keystone State, emigrated to Chillicothe, Mo., in the spring of 1868, and was first engaged in bridge building, and in fact he gave his attention to this calling until 1871, but in that year he embarked in the grocery business and has continued it to the present. In 1858 he was united in marriage to Miss Ann J. Dickey, formerly from the same State as himself. Six children out of nine which blessed this union are now living: Anna H., Cora C., who married in 1883 Henry Smith of this place; Sarah J., Jay F., William A. and Oscar. Viola J., Calvin and John are deceased. Me. Summerville is now the owner and proprietor of a large brick store located an the corner of Slack and Second streets, where he is enjoying a thriving patronage. He handles a large assortment of staple and fancy groceries, queensware, glassware, cutlery, boots and shoes, notions, etc., receiving all kinds of produce in exchange; and selling entirely for cash, he can afford to dispose of his goods at prices which will come within the reach of all and that suit the times. His place is headquarters for farmers from all portions of the community.

Mr. Spence has been engaged in his present line of business only since 1884, but he was not unknown to the citizens of Chillicothe at that time, for previously he had been identified with merchandising in the capacity of clerk and had also followed other occupations some time. In growing up he was made acquainted with farming and in 1868, upon removing to Missouri, he gave his attention to that calling one year, then moved into town, and after clerking three years traveled for a like period, then again entering upon clerical duties. Two years following he was thus occupied and for five and a half years thereafter he was in the United States mail service as postal clerk. This position he left in 1884 to embark in the real estate and collection business, which be has since continued with a good degree of success. His personal qualifications have had not a little to do in giving him the satisfactory results which he enjoys, for he is well liked and by his accommodating manner draws around him a splendid patronage. In 1884 and 1885 he held the positions of city treasurer and collector, serving his trust faithfully. He now owns 50 acres of farming land. Mr. Spence was born in Licking county, O., July 31, 1839, the sixth child and fourth son of William J. and Mary E. (Kirk) Spence, both Virginians by birth. Henry H. remained in his native State until the outbreak of the war, when, in 1861, he enlisted in the 31st Ohio, from which he was discharged in two years on account of disability. In 1864 he re-enlisted in the 178th Ohio and participated in the battles of Fishing River, Shelbyville Pike, Cedar Flats, Old Stone River, second Stone River, and others of minor importance. In 1865 he was discharged at Kingston, N. C., and after returning to Ohio resumed farming mid stock trading until coming to Missouri, as stated. Mr. Spence has been twice married. First, February 17, 1868, to Miss Eleanor Robinson, who died July 26, 1875, leaving one child, Halsey I. September 9, 1879, Miss Mary A. Nesmith, of Hannibal, Mo., became his wife. Mr. Spence is a member of the G. A. R.

From a very early date in the history of the country the family of which the subject of this sketch is a representative have been located in Ohio. The great-grandfather of James was a soldier at the battle of Bunker Hill and his maternal grand uncle was a commodore and captured a British vessel during the Revolutionary War. Earl and Lydia (Kennedy) Sproat, the parents of James, settled at Marietta, O., in 1788; they were married in 1814; the former was a native of Middleboro, Mass., and the latter of the State of Pennsylvania. Earl Sproat died in August, 1823, in Monroe county, O., his wife's death occurring in Mason county, W. Va., in 1877. In their family were five children, four besides James. They were Maria, who married Thomas Rough, by whom she had one child, now deceased; she died in August, 1873; Eliza, wife of Jeremiah Wilson, of Washington Territory, the mother of six children; she is also now deceased; Harriet married first John H. Clayton, and after his death January 7, 1837, she became the wife of Abraham Ryan; they have five children, and now reside in Meigs county, O. Sarah is now Mrs. Michael Rough, of Mason county, W. Va.; one of their six children died while in service in the Union army. On February 3, 1842, Mr. James Sprout was married to Nancy Ann Core, second daughter of Michael and Hannah Core nee Long, the latter of whom died July 31, 1824. Mrs. Sprout was born in Greene county, Pa., in June, 1824, and was reared by her grandparents, Asa and Hannah Long. Three children were born of this marriage: Mary Ellen, born October 23, 1842, married in November, 1861, James Forsyth, by whom she had one son James S. Forsyth, born October 10, 1862, and now living with Mr. Sproat; Mr. Forsyth died in August, 1862, and his widow subsequently married February 22, 1862, F. M. Austin, now of this county, and by this union there are two children living: Adeline, James Sproat's second daughter, born February 3, 1845, married in August, 1863, Amos Fry, and they have six children. The third died when quite young. Mr. Sproat remained at his birthplace, Monroe county, O., where he had been born January 15, 1820, until 1835, moved thence to Cass county, Ill., then in 1839 to Mason county, W. Va., and from there in 1845 to Meigs county, O. In 1852 he settled in Wood county, W. Va., in March, 1858, returned to Mason county, in 1866 became a citizen of Muskingum county, O., and in the fall of 1869 located in this county, and here he has since resided, occupied actively in farming and stock raising. He farms 219 acres belonging to R. G. Keyter and it is but just to say that no little attention has been given by his grandson, James S. Forsyth, to the management of this place. Realizing how limited were his own educational advantages in youth, Mr. Sproat has always favored good schools and in Ohio he served as school director. Among his classmates when young were some of the Stewart family, who has since become famous in the history of Ohio, and one of the family, Lucinda Wilson, now lives in Washington Territory aged 76 years a hale and hearty. Mrs. S. is owner of real estate in Chillicothe.

Prominent among young men of Livingston county who by their own merits are steadily corning to the front in business affairs is the subject of this sketch. He is a representative of one of the old and highly respected families whose lives have been closely identified with the history of this county. His father, Robert Stewart, was a native of Ireland, was born in August, 1811, and when young he was brought by his parents to Philadelphia, Pa., where he was reared, serving an apprenticeship of seven years at the stonemason's trade, in which he became very proficient. In June, 1845, he settled in this county and followed his chosen occupation here until his death. His wife before her marriage was Miss Martha Porterfield, a Virginian by birth, and she became the mother of six children, Douglass being the fourth child and second son. He is a son whom Livingston county is proud to claim as her own, for February 6, 1854, he was born near Spring Hill. His youth and early manhood were passed in this vicinity, and he may be said to have been reared to mercantile pursuits, for he has had a wide experience in the business, and since 1870 has been engaged in selling goods for different firms. In 1878, in company with Mr. Mahaffy, their present business house was established, and in this their extended acquaintance and large experience serves them well. They have built up a large and unremunerative trade, resulting in a safe and constantly growing patronage, and are very attentive to business, closely studying the wants of their customers. Mr. Stewart has been agent of the American Express Company at this place for four years. May 28, 1880, Miss Fannie Dain became his wife, she having come originally from Ontario, Canada. Three children are in their family: Burns, Fay and an infant. A fact that should have been mentioned before is that when Mr. Stewart's mother came to this county she was one of a party of 100 persons who made their settlement here. On a previous page of this volume there has been given an account of the crimes committed in Livingston county during her existence, and one that stands out prominently in that connection is the assassination of John Porterfield, a brother of Mrs. Robt. Stewart.

Mr. Stone, though still a young man, is old in the experience which given by a life spent in hard, earnest and persevering endeavor to secure a substantial footing in business affairs; and this brief outline of his life will be read with interest by many who have watched his rise to a position of substantial worth and success. A native of Wabash county, Ind., he is only a little beyond the age of 33 years, having been born April 1, 1853. His father, also Spencer A. Stone, was a Kentuckian by birth, and after reaching manhood took unto himself a wife in the person of Miss Ellen Daily. The parents died while young Spencer was in infancy. Thus left to battle for himself and without the guiding influence and wise counsels of a father and mother, he deserves still more credit for the honor which he has brought upon the name he bears. Until 15 years old he was reared in Indiana and then removed to Iroquois county, Ill., where he obtained a good schooling, passing a period of six years in the mercantile business. At the age of 21 be visited Iowa and Nebraska and for some time lived in different localities, finally locating in Chillicothe, where he opened a private school, In 1878 he commenced business for himself and the success which has attended his efforts may be imagined when the fact is stated that on starting he was without means, and then glance at his present extensive establishment. Everything which Mr. Stone has undertaken has been blessed with substantial returns. While selling goods on the road he acquired an experience that has been of great benefit to him. He certainly can review his career with a pardonable degree of pride. August 24, 1876, Mr. Stone's marriage to Miss Lucinda Garr, daughter of Rev. John Garr, was consummated. She owes her nativity to Illinois. To Mr. and Mrs. S. four children have been born: Arthur D., Virgil B., Ethel M. and Guy H. He is now a member of the I. O. O. F. The stock which Mr. Stone carries has already been referred to and is complete in every particular. His trade in pianos and organs, especially, is a most satisfactory one.

Probably within this northwestern portion of Missouri there is not an establishment of a similar kind as extensive or that carries a more complete stock of goods or turns out a better product than the one conducted by Mr. James B. Tanner. Indeed his place is superior to any found in the community about Chillicothe, and its present substantial reputation is largely due, in fact almost entirely so, to the excellent management and thorough business capacity of Mr. T. The building which he occupies is an imposing two story brick structure, filled with a full stock of saddles, harness and goods of a like nature, the quality and workmanship of which need no commendation. Such a house is a credit to any city, and it ranks among the foremost institutions in Chillicothe. Mr. Tanner is now still less than 40 years of age, having been born December 2, 1846, in this State. Edmund and Catherine Tanner, his parents, were Kentuckians by birth, the father being a harness and saddle maker by trade, and perhaps it is but the truth to say that James B. inherited a peculiar fitness for his present calling. Edmund Tanner came to Chillicothe in 1852 and carried on his business here, and in August, 1864, he entered the United States army as a member of Co. C, 44th Missouri volunteers, 2d brigade, 16th corps, under A.J. Smith. After taking part in the battles of Franklin, Nashville, Spanish Fort, and the engagements of the Missouri campaign he was killed near St. Louis in August, 1865, thus laying down his life on his country's altar. His widow subsequently married Charles Wilmot and now resides in Chillicothe. James B. has three brothers: Frank E., of Jamesport, Mo.; Alvin A. of Cherryvale, Kan., and John H., of this place, and it is a singular coincidence that all of these brothers are themselves following the trade of saddle and harness making. The subject of this sketch was favored with excellent educational facilities, advantages which he improved to the greatest possible extent, attending for a time a college at St. Louis. Upon locating at Chillicothe he embarked in business here and has since continued it. Mr. Tanner married in 1870 . Emma J. Roberts, of Chillicothe, and they have two children: George T. and Lena T. Mr. T. is a prominent member of the I. O. O. F. and is sergeant-major of Tyndall Post of the G. A. R. Personally he has many friends by whom he is held in high esteem.

Hiram Taylor, the father of the subject of this sketch, was a native of the Buckeye State and the son of William Taylor, who first emigrated from North Carolina to Virginia and thence to Ohio, later going to Illinois. Hiram was subsequently apprenticed to a tailor of St. Louis, and after remaining with him four years he traveled extensively through the South. Visiting Ohio he was there married to Miss Elizabeth Holmes, a Virginian by birth, daughter of William Holmes, who was also numbered among the early settlers in Ohio. Mr. and Mrs. Taylor then crossed the plains to Carrollton, Ill., where the former was engaged in business as merchant tailor with successful results until 1838. Livingston county, Mo., was made his next place of settlement and, purchasing 160 acres of land west of Chillicothe, he gave his attention to farming, besides this opening a tailor establishment in the town where he did a thriving business up to 1852. For a period of six years following this he was engaged in general merchandising and about the year 1858 erected a shingle factory, which he successfully operated until the building of the Hannibal in St. Joseph Railroad destroyed the trade. Mr. Taylor died in 1867, but his wife still survives, in the enjoyment of good health. Five children blessed their happy married life: William Alonzo was killed by the accidental discharge of a gun which fell from his hands; he was much beloved and his death was keenly felt; Thomas L., died in infancy; James H. was also accidentally killed, the result of a careless discharge of his gun while hunting; John W. now resides in New Mexico; and Edward L. is the subject of this biography. The latter was born in this county August 12, 1844, mid received his education in the Chillicothe High School in 1864 he crossed the plains to Idaho, and after suffering many hardships and encountering numerous perilous adventures he started home, but before reaching here his horses were stolen and several hundred miles were covered on foot. Upon his return he engaged in farming and the manufacture of shingles. He now owns 134 acres of land, lying two miles south of Chillicothe. In 1867 Mr. Taylor married Miss Martha E. Ryan, daughter of an old and respected citizen of the county, John Ryan, and they have had five children, of whom John H., May and James W. are living; Susan died in 1872 when four years old, and Lydia died in infancy in 1882. Mr. T. is a stanch Democrat and has several times been elected to public offices. In 1880 he was defeated for county collector, though in his own township, where so well known, he ran far ahead of his ticket. As a citizen he is very public-spirited.

Mrs. Taylor, a respected resident of this place, is a native of England, and a daughter of Samuel catkin and Elizabeth Timmis, also originally from the same country. Her brother, John L. Malkin, is well remembered by the people of this vicinity. For many years he was a citizen of Livingston county, closely identified with its interests. Born in England in 1810, the second child in a family of 13 children, he was reared in the land of his nativity and afterwards became a large leather dealer and shoe manufacturer, a business in which he was engaged until emigrating to the United States and taking up his location at Lexington, Ky. In 1857 he came to Chillicothe and made his home here until his death. For four terms he filled the position of mayor of Chillicothe, discharging his official duties in a worthy and satisfactory manner. Those who were acquainted with him remember him as a genial, whole-souled man, of strict integrity and very popular. He was a devoted brother, and his sister, Mrs. Taylor, was the idol of his life. She succeeded to the estate which he left. Mrs. Taylor was married in England when a young lady to Richard Battershy. In 1869 they came to the United States in the full enjoyment of a bright future, but soon were their hopes blasted by the death of Mr. Battersby, from the effects of a sunstroke in St. Louis, in 1871. Of eight children born to them Allan is deceased and Samuel Battershy, an attorney, who had just been admitted to the bar, and whose outlook was most promising, was suddenly stricken down by the remorseless hand of death, in November, 1880, injuries received from a fall from a carriage resulting thus fatally. December 10, 1872, Mrs. Battersby was again married, this time to Col. Sam. E. Taylor, a Virginian by birth, and an attorney by profession. , During the late war he enlisted in the 16th Illinois infantry, in which he recruited a company and was commissioned captain; and was afterwards connected with the 119th regiment Illinois volunteer infantry. On September 12, 1862, he was made lieutenant-colonel. He died in 1876. Mrs. Taylor is the only surviving child of the original family of 13 children. She now resides in Chillicothe, surrounded by many comforts of life, owns desirable property, and better than all, enjoys the confidence and esteem of many, who recognize in her those true, noble qualities which go so far to constitute an upright woman.

The subject of this sketch, well known to the residents of this community, was the youngest child in a family of five sons and two daughters born to his parents, David and Mary V. Thompson, nee Waller. The other children were William W., of Hickory county, Mo.; Eliza J., of Barren county, Ky.; John B., now deceased; James G., also of Barren county; Louis and Jane, now deceased. Nathan was born in Barren county, of the Blue Grass State, January 5, 1818, continuing to reside at the old homestead until his marriage January 4, 1838, when Eliza G. Stringer, only child of William and Mariah W. Stringer, became his wife. Her father died in 1844; her mother in 1828. To Mr. and Mrs. Thompson nine children were born: Mary Mariah, born November 27, 1838, now deceased; Marcella P., born October 1, 1840, wife of Edwin Porter Thompson, and they have three children living and three deceased; Elliott Wesley, born May 28, 1843, married Alice J. Lynn, and they have three children living and one dead; Elizabeth J., born August 15, 1845, married to James A. Gill in 1867; they have four children living and three dead; Fountain K., whose life history is briefly outlined below; Sophia Belle, born November 6, 1851; Sarah E., born January 10, 1855, married to J. P. Kester, and they have two children living, one being deceased; Harriet A., born March 30, 1858; Dora M., born November 8, 1861, died August 5, 1881. In February, 1866, Mr. T., leaving Barren county, Ky., located in Richardson county, Neb., from which he came to this county seven months later, settling in Chillicothe, and then upon a rented farm, where he remained four years. Purchasing the homestead which he now occupies he moved upon it. This embraces 40 acres, a neat, comfortable homestead, conveniently improved. Since October, 1856, Mr. Thompson has been an ordained deacon in the M. E. Church, and October 7, 1860, he was made an elder at Elizabethtown, Ky., by the Louisville conference. He has been an active member of Pleasant Grove M. E. Church South and at this time holds membership in the Missouri conference as local preacher. His standing as an upright, Christian man is unquestioned.

Fountain K. Thompson, one of the sons of Nathan Thompson, is an agriculturist with whom the residents of Chillicothe township are well acquainted, for his labors as a farmer have resulted in good both to himself and in their influences towards others. His birth occurred in Barren county, Ky., September 1, 1849, and there he remained up to 1866, when he went to Nebraska, remained seven months and then located in this county. December 4, 1881, he was married to Miss Mary E. Mumpower, daughter of David Mumpower, now of Livingston county. In growing up Mr. Thompson obtained a good education and besides giving his attention to tilling the soil and stock raising he has taught school some six years. His farm of 90 acres has upon it modern improvements.

The subject of this sketch is a native Missourian, and one who made the best of the advantages to be had while he was growing up. He was born in Saline county in December, 1837, one of six children in the family of his parents, Samuel Thompson and wife, whose maiden name was Lucinda Anderson, the former a Virginian and the latter a native of Tennessee. Samuel Thompson removed to Shelby county, Ky., when very young, and from there to Putnam county, Ind., continuing to follow his chosen trade of a blacksmith in these different localities. The names of the children besides John were: David, who went to California in 1849; Elizabeth, wife of John Taylor, in Caldwell county; James also took a trip to California in 1853; Isaac died when eight years old, and Samuel is a farmer in Carroll county. Mrs. Thompson died in 1838, and some time after the father married again, Miss Leah Cockerham, of Indiana, becoming his wife. Three children born of this marriage are living: Martha Frances, wife of Samuel Rathbun, of Caldwell county; Nancy Jane, now Mrs. Wiley Miller, and Ebenezer, in this county. Mr. Thompson's third wife was Mrs. Mary Duckworth, nee Waddell. Upon leaving Putnam county, Ind., he took up his location in Saline county, Mo., and in 1839 came to this county, where he continued to reside up to the time of his death, May 15, 1884. He was intimately and influentially identified with the interests of this county during these many years, and gained a large and warm circle of friends, who sincerely mourned his loss. In another portion of this work, in connection with the history of Sampsel township, will he seen an outline of his life. John Thompson, the subject of this sketch, was reared in the vicinity of his present home, and very naturally, as he grew up in the midst of a farming community, was taught the duties pertaining to that calling. At this time he has an estate of 250 acres, substantially improved and under good cultivation, and well adapted for the purposes of general farming and the raising of stock. February 25, 1864, Mr. Thompson was married to Miss Malinda C. Lile, who was born on the site of her present home, her father having been Allen P. Lile, originally from Tennessee, and her mother, Mary (Cox) Lile, of Ohio nativity: they came to this county in 1833, and here brought up their family of 11 children: Isom P., John W., Charles M., Malinda, George, Nancy J., wife of William Barlow; Martha Ann, married to Scott Nally; Caleb S., Melissa C., Andy B. and Amanda E. Mr. and Mrs. Thompson have two children: James A. and John S. Mr. Thompson has held for a number of years the position of justice of the peace. In many ways he has held and does now hold a warm place in the hearts of those who know him.

Elliott W. Thompson is a Kentuckian by birth, born in Barren county May 28, 1843, and he remained in the vicinity of his birthplace until enlisting in defense of the principles which he believed to be right. October 12, 1861, he joined the 1st Kentucky brigade under Gen. Breckinridge, participated in the engagements of Shiloh, Vicksburg, Murfreesboro, Jackson, Chickamauga, and twice during the battle of Kenesaw Mountain did he conduct the medical stores of the brigade across the line of fire in the rear of the troops; he also took part in the engagements while opposing the raid of Gen. Potter of the negro brigade and was paroled May 6, 1865, at Washington, Ga., his command refusing to surrender to Potter's brigade. Returning to Barren county, Ky., Mr. T. remained there until going to Richardson county, Neb., in the spring of 1866, and some eight months later he came to this county and settled three miles southeast of the town of Chillicothe. This has since been his home and here he owns a small, neat place of 40 acres. Mr. Thompson's wife was formerly Miss Alice J. Linn, eldest daughter and one of four children of Andrew S. Linn, of Grant county, Ky. She was born April 3, 1846; her eldest brother, W. G. Linn, is now general traffic agent of the Minneapolis, Sioux City and St. Paul Railroad, and resides in Sioux City, la. Mr. and Mrs. T. have three children living: Nathan L., born November 15, 1869; May E., born June 12, 1875, and Dora F., born June 30, 1885. Kate G., born April 17, 1879, died July 17, 1879. Mr. Thompson became associated with the M. E. Church South in 1867.

To say that any person is "the poor man's friend" is assurance sufficient in itself that such an one is successful in his business. At any rate this is found to be true in the case of Mr. Truog, for by placing goods on the market within the reach of all he secures a good class of custom, and at the same time a profitable patronage. Mr. T. is not a native of this country for he was born in Switzerland January 23, 1825. His father, Frederick Truog, a baker and dealer in grain, was also at the same place, as was his mother, whose maiden name was Ursula Laurer. Up to the age of 21 young Frederick remained in the country of his birth, acquiring a fair education, after which he commenced to learn the trade of a baker. In 1846 he emigrated to the United States and four years was occupied in traveling and working in different places in the South and Northwest; but desiring to locate permanently in some place, he selected Jacksonville, Ill., in 1850, as his abode and up to 1866 he continued to reside there. In the year mentioned he came to Chillicothe, Mo., and opened a bakery and grocery establishment and in connection with this he now conducts a general grocery and provision store. His stock of goods is equal to any in the place in point of selection and as has been intimated his fair dealing is bringing him many returns. February 8, 1852, Mr. Truog was married to Miss Sarah Ann Cassell, a Kentuckian by birth, but brought up in Jacksonville, Ill. They have seven children living: John, Charles Martin, Louis Lincoln, William E., Hattie, Robert F. and Harry. Two daughters and one son are deceased.

Only those who have been deprived of the wise counsels and influence and tender care of a father can appreciate or realize the value of such a parent, especially in an early age, and when one is seen who has thus come up through the world to honorable positions in life, certainly he deserves credit. Mr. Vories was born in Fairfield county, O., September 23, 1840, and his father, John Vories, died September 28, of the same year. The latter was a native of Ohio, and for many years conducted a saddle and harness business in the town of Rushville; and also he was a contractor, engaged in working on a turnpike. His wife was formerly Rebecca Price, daughter of Thomas Price, who still survive him at the age of 96 years. Mrs. V. was born in Uniontown, Pa. Mr. Vories' great-grandfather at the time of his death was 105 years old. He built the stone bridge at Martinsburg, Va., known as Price's bridge; be died from the effects of wound received in the Revolutionary War. John M. Vories in growing up received excellent training from his mother, and to her is largely due his success in subsequent years. Reared at Zanesville, he learned the trade of cigar making and at the same time studied law, finally being admitted to the bar in 1862. In a short time he enlisted in the 122d Ohio volunteer infantry, Co. I, as a private, and when mustered out July 1, 1865, was orderly sergeant. During his term of service he participated in the battle of Winchester, under Milroy, on the flank at Gettysburg, battle of the Wilderness, and on the campaign to the surrender of Lee, except for a time while in the valley under Sheridan and at Monocacy and Cedar Creel. He was wounded in front of Petersburg and twice at Monocacy and at Winchester, under Milroy, also receiving slight wound. To this day he continues to suffer somewhat from disease contracted while in the army. After the war Mr. Vories came to Chillicothe and has since been engaged in the practice of his profession, in connection with his real estate business, and in these capacities has long been well and favorably known. In March, 1869, he was appointed postmaster at Chillicothe, and held the position continuously until May, 1871. September 20, 1866, Mr. V. was married to Miss Mary G. Neill, a native of Iowa, and daughter of Henry Neill. They had one child, Vernie V. Mr. Vories has been a member of the I. O. O. F. since 1866.

There are a number of young business men in Livingston county who are rapidly coming to the front among the representative citizens of the community, but none mentioned in this work are more deserving of prominence and success than Warren C. Wate. His birth occurred at Wilton Junction, Muscatine county, la., July 10, 1860, though of Missouri ancestry on his father's side, his father, J. Clark Wate, a native of this State, having removed to Iowa before the birth of his son. The maiden name of the wife of the senior Wate was Helen A. Washburne. Up to the age of nine years Warren remained in the Hawkeye State, spending his boyhood days in a manner similar to that of other youths of the vicinity at his home; but upon coming to this county in about 1869 he soon after commenced to familiarize himself with the duties of mercantile life. A business experience at eleven years, nine years of the time as salesman with Mr. Henry Kase, rendered him fully competent to start in trade on his own account, so on February 21, 1885, he opened out a store; since that time his patronage has exceeded his most sanguine expectations and the custom which he has drawn has been highly gratifying. The stock of goods which he carries is an exceptionally fine one and Mr. Wate is making an object of drawing to him a fine trade. The different articles in his stock have already been referred to and are in full keeping with everything about the place. His success in this line, and especially in the face of considerable opposition, is worthy of note and proves that not only is he an upright, courteous business man, but personally of no little popularity. In 1882 Mr. Wate was married to Miss Edith Jones, daughter of Elizur Jones, one of the most honorable and successful agriculturists in the county and a man noted for his integrity. Two children are in their family: Clarence, two and a half years old, and a little daughter, Alma. Mr. and Mrs. Wate are members of the Christian Church.

Forty years devoted to the service of humanity sums up in a line the career, thus far, of Dr. James S. Weaver. Having now passed the meridian of life, as the shadows of old age approach it can not but be the consolation of consolations to look back over the path he has trodden and see but comparatively little to regret. Born at Bath, N. H., March 31, 1814, he is the son of James and Rosetta Weaver, natives of Connecticut, the antecedents of whom were prominently associated with the Presbyterian Church, and a cousin of the Doctor was stationed at New York for many years with a salary of $15,000 annually. James Weaver followed his trade of merchant tailor in various places until locating in Ashtabula county, O., then engaging in farming until his death in 1841. Himself and wife had seven children: Alexander, Wealthy, Elizabeth, Mrs. W. H. Johnson, of New York; and Laura, who married R. K. Hartshorn, are deceased; Clarissa first married Wm. T. Thompson, and after his death she became the wife of Francis Young, also now deceased; since then her home has been with her son, Wm. F. Thompson, who has made remarkable success in his profession as a dental surgeon; John H. died from the effects of an accidental wound at St. Louis. James S., the subject of this sketch, was educated at Syracuse, N. Y., and afterwards he studied medicine in Cincinnati under the preceptorship of Dr. Hubbell. Locating in Brown county, O., he commenced practicing there in 1848 and during the cholera epidemic later on achieved a well merited reputation for his successful treatment of patients. In 1858 he located at Leesburg, Highland county, Ill., and in addition to practicing medicine he conducted a large mercantile establishment to advantage, though suffering considerable loss by the devastations of war. Afterwards until 1865 he was located at Abington, Knox county,. Ill., and then he came to Chillicothe and continued merchandising here-for several years. At last, yielding to the earnest solicitations of many friends, he opened an office and has since followed the duties of his chosen profession in a manner which indicates at once the thoroughly qualified and successful practitioner. June 27, 1839, the Doctor was married to Miss Almira S. Strong, who died May 19, 1849,, leaving the following children: George W., died in infancy; Julia R., born April, 5, 1843, now Mrs. Preston Love; Mary E., born February 25, 1845, wife of Samuel Bishop; Fidelia R., born September 5, 1846; died March 13, 1865: Mary A., born February, 25, 1848, died the year following. In November, 1849, Dr. Weaver married Mariah Smith, who bore him four children: Charles E., born August 5, 1850, a druggist of St. Louis; Amelia M., born June 25, 1856, wife of Chas. Cornu; Edna L., born April 15, 1858, died January 9, 1881; and Lou L., born January 3, 1860, married Geo. A. Briggs. Dr. W. has been a prominent member of the I. O. O. F., having filled all the chairs, and been a delegate to the Grand Lodge. His reputation as a physician and in private life is an enviable one.

Dr. Wilcox is justly regarded as one of the thoroughly reliable and efficient masters of the dental profession in Chillicothe, for to a complete and almost perfect preparation in the prosecution of his studies years of experience have been added, thus giving him a prominent place among his brother practitioners. Born in Rochester, N. Y., in 1840, he was the son of Rensellaer Wilcox, a native of Albany, who by occupation was a contractor and builder. The maiden name of his mother was Sarah Redfield, whose birth occurred in Monroe county, N. Y. The early life of the subject of this sketch was passed in the vicinity of his birthplace, his education being obtained at Rochester, after which, in 1857, he went to Davis county, Ky., where he was engaged in teaching school. In 1861 he returned to New York, owing to the outbreak of the war. Mr. Wilcox had commenced the study of medicine and, indeed, had progressed some little way in his reading, but this he abandoned to take up the study of dentistry under the preceptorship of Dr. Morgan, of Rochester. Since 1862 he has been actively engaged in the practice of his profession, first at Rochester, then for eight years at Corning, N. Y. Following this he spent a year in travel through Europe and after his return he located a few months at Kenosha, Wis. Subsequently he moved to Brookville, Linn county, Mo., coming thence in 1872 to Chillicothe, where his time has since been devoted to his adopted calling. His parlors are very attractive and he has every tool and appliance known to the profession. His patronage has been a large, lucrative and successful one, an excellent testimony to his skill and ability. Dr. Wilcox was married on February 12, 1871, to Miss Almina Nichols, of Steuben county, N. Y. In social and musical circles Dr. Wilcox enjoys a prominent standing and is the author of several solos of much merit. He is an active member of the Masonic Order and besides this he belong to the Knights of Pythias. Both himself and wife are deservedly popular in society circles in Chillicothe.

Mr. Wietrick is among the more recent acquisitions to the agricultural affairs of Livingston county, and yet during the short period of his residence here he has so conducted himself and displayed such advanced and progressive ideas in the way of farming that many older in years and experience might do well to follow his example. His place contains 80 acres, and though perhaps not as large as many others that could be mentioned is improved in a manner above criticism. All these improvements have been made by himself, and the taste displayed and good judgment shown is but an indication of what his future career must be. Mr. Wietrick was born in Wayne county, O., April 14, 1837. His parents were Henry Wietrick, a native of France, and Elizabeth Wietrick, whose maiden name was Blye. Martin learned the trade of carpenter in youth, and for 30 years he followed that occupation in Ohio, gaining for himself a reputation for steady industry and thoroughness in work which has characterized his efforts in later years. In 1883 he came to Livingston county, Mo., and this has since been his home. Mr. Wietrick's wife is a lady of French birth, and one much esteemed, Miss Elizabeth Howell, to whom he was married in 1858. Eight children have been born of this marriage, whose names are: Ben. Frank, Augustus, Mary T., Clara J., John E., Cora, George and Nora Belle. Mr. Wietriek's outlook as an agriculturist is most promising, and everything indicates a favorable future.

Judge Robert B. Williams was born in Augusta county, Va., March 27, 1822. His father, Hezekiah Williams, was a Virginian by birth, and as his occupation followed the trade of en iron moulder. The maiden name of Robert's mother was Helen ConnelI, originally from Pennsylvania, she having borne her husband seven children. Of these Robert was the youngest. In 1838 he accompanied his parents to Washington county, Mo., where they died. Up to the age of 16 he had acquainted himself with the duties of farm life, but shortly after removing to Missouri he learned the mechanical business and then sold goods over Arkansas for one John Ammonett, a native of Albemarle county, Va., who still survives at a very advanced age. In 1852 he removed to Bloomington, Ill., and worked at his trade until he came to Livingston county, Mo., in 1858, and since that time he has been prominently connected with the history of the county. In 1861 he was appointed coroner of the county by Gov. Gamble, and in consequence of Mr. Samuel L. Harris (who had been elected sheriff) removing from the county Mr. Williams became the acting sheriff and discharge the duties of that position very acceptably. For five terms the subject of this sketch has been mayor of Chillicothe: in 1862-64, 1866, 1871, 1872. In 1879, 1880 and 1881 he was city clerk and in 1861 and 1870 he held the office of councilman. April 16, 1855, Mr. Williams was married to Miss Mary C. Relfe, of Caledonia, Washington county, Mo., the daughter of Dr. J. H. Relfe. For several years he was justice of the peace, but other positions of honor have been opened to him for in 1873 he was elected judge of the county court and again in 1882, and at this time be is presiding judge. Though from a personal standpoint Judge Williams has had enough of public life, he has esteemed it a duty to try and serve those who have had confidence to place him in official positions, and it is well known that the county's and city's interests have been faithfully cared for by him. During the war he was a Union Democrat and has since acted with that party. It is unnecessary to add that in public esteem he is held very high.

A respected resident of this county for upwards of half a century, and indeed ever since 1834, with the exception of a period of three years spent in California, Mr. Wolfskill is now making preparations to remove permanently to that State, where he has had interests for some time. His loss to this community will he keenly felt, for his career has been that of a man of energy and enterprise in every walk of life. Mr. Wolfskill came originally from Wayne county, Ky., his birth having occurred there in 1811. George Wolfskill, his father, settled in Howard county, Mo., in 1817 with his wife, whose maiden name was Mary Ross. The following children were in their family: Rachel, Patsey, Betsey, Rebecca, Polly, Peggie, John, George, Nancy and Joseph. In 1833 Mr. Wolfskill removed from Howard to Chariton county, and about a year later, as mentioned, he came to this county. Agricultural affairs have always received his attention, for that was the calling to which he was reared. He has been married three times. February 4, 1831, Miss Louisa Taylor became his wife; she was born in Howard county in 1814 and died August 9, 1873, leaving one child, Mary Jane, now the wife of Rice Keaster. In 1874 Mr. Wolfskill married Mrs. Martha Collins, of Delaware, whose death occurred in 1878. September 9, 1879. Mrs. Catharine A. Cox became Mr. Wolfskill's third wife. Her maiden name was Shriver, and she was born in Tippecanoe county, Ind., June 3, 1831. Her father, George Shriver, originally from Pennsylvania, came to this county in 1839, and died here. Catherine first married April 22, 1847, Andrew B. Cox, of Missouri, but he died October 20, 1871, leaving seven children: William Alonzo, Joseph A., Isaac A., Mary E., wife of Charles E. Rosebrough; Sara E., wife of Jabez Beezler; John H., Martha, wife of Almon D. Eastlick. All of these children are married, and the daughters are residing in California. At the time of his death Mr. Cox had an estate of nearly four hundred acres.

Mr. Woods' connection with Chillicothe, both in an official capacity and as a business man, justly warrants prominent mention of his name among other biographical sketches in this work. Of Kentucky nativity, he was born in Mason county, of the Blue Grass State, November 19, 1830, the son of Willard and Ann Woods, whose maiden name was Shelton. The former, a Kentuckian by birth, was a carpenter and steamboat engineer by calling, his death occurring in 1851. His marriage was consummated in 1823, and in 1842 his wife died, leaving four sons and three daughters. The senior Woods was subsequently again married, Mrs. Mary C. Phillips, of Kentucky, becoming his wife. There was one daughter by that union. William, the fourth son and child by his father's first marriage, was reared on a farm until 16 years of age, then learning the painter's trade, which he followed for seven years. But owing to impaired health he was compelled to discontinue that occupation, and in 1857 he came to Missouri, taking up his location in Jackson township, Livingston county. Until the breaking out of the war Mr. Woods was interested in tilling the soil with good results, but his patriotism led him to enter military service and under the enrollment act he first enlisted in Co. K, 65th regiment E. M. M. After serving eight months' under the organization between Gov. Gamble and President Lincoln, establishing Provisional regiments of State troops, he enlisted for three years in the 4th Provisional regiment, under the colonelcy of John B. Hale, and was actively engaged in service until the close of the war, in March, 1865. Subsequently he became connected with a company of Livingston county volunteers to suppress outrages by lawless hands, went on duty in April, and was mustered out on June 25 following. Until 1869 Mr. W. resumed his former occupation of farming, but in that year he was elected county recorder, serving through his term of office. After clerking for Hoffman & Carpenter until 1876, he then received the appointment of city clerk and recorder and discharged the duties of this position for three years. A clerical experience of two years in the establishment of Henry Kase was followed by his election to the office of township assessor, and since then be has been with Frederick Truog, the well known grocer. His career in all walks of life has been an honorable one and his numerous calls to occupy official positions fully attest his personal regard. Mr. Woods was married in 1857 to Miss Frances C. Moma, who was born in Ross county, O. They have six children living: Mary R., Carrie E., wife of William Osborne; John T., Alice A., Lillie R. and Nellie.

One of the younger members of the legal fraternity in Livingston county, but one not unknown, Mr. Wynne has gained an honorable place among his brother practitioners, and in the prosecution of his professional duties is meeting with encouraging success. He was one of 8 children born to Evans P. and Melvina (Byrd) Wynne, the other being David, in Grundy county, Mo.; William K., in the same county; Frank E., Edward W., Robert P., Sarah B. and Mary L. The mother was a native of Pettis county, Mo. She died December 11, 1885. Evans Wynne came originally from Tazewell county, Va. When young he settled in Grundy county, Mo., and there farmed and gave his attention to merchandising until his death in 1875. The principal portion of the youth of James G. was passed in Grundy county, but for a short time during the war he resided in Illinois. From an early age he was made familiar with the details of farm life and to this calling he elevated himself up to 1876, when he engaged in the drug trade at Chillicothe. For some three years he carried an this business, but in the year mentioned the long cherished desire to follow the practice of law induced him to commence studying for that profession. Pursuing a careful course of instruction under Hon. D. M. Pollard, he was soon admitted to the bar (1879) and in 1881 he removed to Bedford, Livingston county. In 1882 his ability and recognized fitness for the position caused him to be elected prosecuting attorney of the county and so well were his official duties discharged that in 1884 he was re-elected to the same position, which he still occupies and as has been intimated, to the entire satisfaction of the people of the county. Mr. Wynne is now still less than 30 years of age, having been born in Grundy county, February 7, 1858. October 18, 1882, he was married to Miss Belle C. Thompson, also of Grundy county, and daughter of a well known physician and farmer of that locality; Dr. M. V. Thompson, a Kentuckian by birth. Mr. and Mrs. W. have one child, Walter E. The only secret organization of which he is a member is the Knights of Pythias.

On the 29th of September, 1877, Thomas R. Bryan, for many years intimately associated with the county's interests, died at his home near Chillicothe, and in his death the county keenly felt the loss of one of her pioneer citizens, a man who had taken part in and witnessed its growth and development from a primitive condition. He was born in White county, Tenn., November 4, 1806, the son of Andrew J. Bryan, of Virginia nativity, who subsequently moved to Tennessee. He was a soldier in the War of 1812. Thomas' mother, Isabel Ross, was of Irish parentage, born in Philadelphia. Thomas was the eldest of 9 children in the family. He grew up in Tennessee on a farm and in 1835 came to this county, his parents also having located here, where they afterwards died. Mr. Bryan was appointed the first clerk of the circuit and county courts held after the county was organized, and for two years discharged his official duties, then being re-elected and filling the position for 19 years. After retiring from official life he gave his attention to farming. September 25, 1840, he was married to Miss Lydia King, originally from Garrett county, Ky., but a daughter A.M. King, of Ray county, though himself a Kentuckian. Mrs. Bryan before her marriage was Miss Jane Graves. In the family of Mr. an Mrs. B. were 9 children: Eva, wife of R. J. Wheeler; Jennie, now Mrs. Currin; Lizzie, Angie, now Mrs. Lowman; Ad. K., T. Ross, Florence, Robert P. and Charles. Mr. Bryan is well remembered by those at all familiar with the history of Livingston county. The highest eulogy that could be paid to his memory was that said by one of his numerous friends at the time of his death, " We shall sincerely miss him, for he was a good man."

Sidney McWilliams, now a resident of Kansas City but formerly one of Chillicothe's leading business men, was so prominently connected with the interests of the place while here that it would be an omission to be regretted not to insert an outline, at least, of his life in this history of the county. From the United States Biographical Dictionary, Missouri edition, the following brief facts concerning Mr. McWilliams are obtained: -

He was born in Madison county, Ky., April 8, 1829, and is the son of Alexander C. and Jade C. (Breedlove) McWilliams, the former of Madison county, Ky., and the latter of Albermarle county, Va. His father was a farmer by calling, and served in the Wars of 1812 and the Indian War, a son of John McWilliams, a Revolutionary soldier. Sidney was reared as a farmer in his native State and when 20 years of age began merchandising at Rogersville, Ky., continuing there until his removal to Breckinridge, Caldwell county, Mo., in 1857. He remained occupied in mercantile pursuits at that place for 10 years and in 1867 removed to Chillicothe, soon becoming interested in the People's Savings Bank as director, stockholder and cashier. In 1872 he was elected president of the bank and afterwards devoted his entire time to banking and the real estate business, by which he secured a competence that afforded him time and capital to indulge his tastes. In 1860 he married Miss Ann Rogers, of Madison county, Ky., but this estimable lady lived only three years after her marriage. In 1868 he married Miss Fannie, daughter of John H. Ware, Esq., of Chillicothe. Politically he is a Democrat, but has never sought or held office of a political responsibility. Mr. McWilliams is a man of public spirit, strict integrity and great strength of character. Largely to his indefatigable energy and financial ability is due the prosperous condition of the People's Savings Bank of Chillicothe. In 1877, November, he received the appointment of receiver of the Hannibal and St. Joseph Railroad, which position he filled with honor until relieved by the courts.

Mr. Mathews, one of the substantial business men of Livingston county, is a native of Trumbull county, Ohio, and was born January 26, 1836. His father, James Mathews, was born in Ireland, and was brought by his parents to the United States when very young; the maiden name of his mother was Catherine Draper, of Virginia. The father was a carpenter and joiner by trade, and for some time lived in Pittsburg, Pa., moving thence to Trumbull county, and afterwards to Putnam county, Ohio. He cleared up a farm on the Western Reserve. In 1850 he removed to Washington county, Iowa, and engaged in agricultural pursuits, subsequently selling his farm, and locating in the town of Washington. The subject of this sketch spent his early life on a farm and afterwards learned the trade of harness making. In 1859, in company with his father and brother, he started for Pike's Peak, but owing to unfavorable reports they returned before reaching their destination. Mr. Mathew's came to Chillicothe and stopped six months and then went to Kansas and remained until 1861, when he returned to Washington, Iowa, when he enlisted in the 2d Iowa infantry, and served three years. He participated in the battles of Fort Donelson, Shiloh, siege of Corinth, battle of Iuka and battle of Corinth. After his discharge from the army he again returned to Washington, Iowa, and entered into partnership with C. Sturgis, in the saddlery and harness business, and after seven months he sold out and came to Chillicothe and engaged in the same business, which he conducted successfully until 1884. Then he disposed of his interests in this line. He had also in the meantime opened a business house in the same line in Trenton which he is still conducting, enjoying a good trade. In 1885 he engaged in his present calling. Mr. Mathews has been closely identified with the interests of this city and served three terms in the city council. He has been married three times; first, May 7, 1867, to Miss Mary Nesbit, who was born in Chillicothe, a daughter of Hiram Nesbit. She died August 20, 1877, leaving three children: Charlie and May L. and Alice. Mr. M. married for his second wife, Mrs. Tillie Hines, whose maiden name was Darlington. She died in 1883, leaving one son, Alfred. His third marriage was to Miss Annie Nesbit, who was born near Paris, Monroe county, Mo. Mr. Mathews is a Knight Templar in the Masonic Order. Since his residence in Chillicothe he has gained a warm place in the affections of the citizens here, and has become very popular, his thoroughly good qualities contributing largely to the esteem in which he is held.

Col. Saunders, who in life, was one of the most progressive men who ever made a home in Livingston county, was a Virginian by birth, having been born in Bedford county, February 4, 1817. He remained in his native State until 1835, then emigrating to Chariton county, where he made his home for twenty years, and while living there in 1848 he was elected to represent that county in the State Legislature. In 1855 he came to this county and at once became prominently identified with its mercantile interests, and also as a tobacco dealer. His wife was formerly Miss Laura Hick, of Chariton county, Mo., and to them seven children were born: Sylvanus S., Frederick H., Bolina D., wife at Wesley A. Jacobs; Luella, now Mrs. Gilbert; Dan G., May, now Mrs. Darlington, and Oak. Mr. Saunders died May 23, 1881, leaving a memory which is fragrant in the minds of many with whom he was acquainted. He was a man of decided prominence and above the average in intellectual worth. At the same time he was a person highly respected for his many noble qualities. As a civil engineer he was among the best in the State in an early day and did considerable Government surveying in this and other States. He surveyed and laid out St. Joseph, Mo., and Rock Island, Ill. Though a member of the Chillicothe bar he never entered into active practice, but passed the later years of his life almost exclusively in the interest of his real estate business and making abstracts of titles, etc. The following brief outline concerning him is worthy of mention at this place and is therefore reproduced: -

Col. D. G. Saunders was a man of extraordinary talents, though his retiring and unassuming disposition and probably his surroundings had much to do in deterring him from assuming the commanding position in life that, other men of far less talents reach. In all the sciences he was thoroughly posted. In mathematics, philosophy and kindred sciences he had few superiors, and many men have achieved farce and fortune in civil engineering to whom he was far superior in that science, and in matters of history, sacred and profane, he was regarded as a walking " Cyclopedia" by his intelligent acquaintances. As a citizen, neighbor, friend and acquaintance he was held in the highest esteem in this community where he lived for the last twelve years of his life, and his name and character will be held in respect by all who knew him until time shall be no more with them.

Considering that Mr. Spencer is still comparatively a young man and that he began for himself with little or no means to start on, his career has been more than an ordinarily successful one. He was born in Sullivan county, Mo., June 14, 1843. His father, Thomas, was born in Pike county, Mo., and his grandfather, who was named Thomas, came to the State when young. The maiden name of the mother of this subject was Elizabeth Gentle, a native of Pike county, Mo. His father was reared in Pike county, and in 1838 or 39 moved to Sullivan county, Mo. He was a farmer by occupation until 1866, when he removed to Laclede, Linn county, where he died in 1868. He left six children, Thomas F., being the eldest son and second child; he was reared at his birthplace until 17 years old and assisted in the duties of the farm. In 1860 he commenced his mercantile experience as clerk in a store and furnished a substitute on the farm out of the salary he received. He followed mercantile pursuits 12 years and then commenced reading law, for which he had formed an attachment. He matriculated in the law department of the State University and was graduated in the class of 1873 - 74, with the highest, honors. He returned to Chillicothe, having previously located here in 1863. After devoting a time to his profession he engaged in the lumber trade which he conducted with encouraging success, and for the past two years his entire time has been given to his present calling and for which be seems naturally adapted. He was married October 25, 1868, to Miss Mollie R. Harvey, a native of Linn county, Mo., and daughter of Elijah Harvey, an old settler. They have one daughter, Elvia. Both himself and wife take a pardonable pride in the good name of their house, and exert themselves diligently to sustain the reputation already achieved. Mr. Spencer is a man of untiring industry, great tenacity of purpose, good business habits and qualifications and has been satisfactorily successful in accumulating substantial evidences of material comfort.

Each of the members of this firm is a representative of the old and respected families whose name they bear. Each was born and reared in this county and have claims upon the patronage of the public such as no other firm can present. Their parents were among the earliest settlers of the county and their lives have been such that not a shadow can be advanced derogatory to the reputation of either - a record that can not fail in being in the highest degree satisfactory. Although this firm has only been in business for one year, they have succeeded in establishing a safe and remunerative trade, and their close attention to business, combined with a large and well selected stock of the most reputable manufactures, together with the reasonable prices at which they are disposing of them, have contributed largely to their success.

Robert Stewart, the senior partner, is a son of Robert M. Stewart, an early settler and one familiar to all of the pioneers, was born in Ireland and came with his parents when very young to Pennsylvania. He was a stonecutter by trade and came to this county when but few improvements had been made. He married Miss Martha Porterfield, of Virginia. Robert is the youngest of seven children and the third son; he has been reared and educated in his native county and may be said to have been literally bred to his present business, and is thoroughly familiar with all its details. He was married November 4, 1885, to Miss Ida Grace, a daughter of James A. Grace, one of Chillicothe's most substantial citizens. Robert V. Lauderdale is a son of Robert Lauderdale, whose sketch appears elsewhere in this work. The maiden name of his mother was Cynthia Boyles. She was first married to Thomas Watson, who died, leaving two children. Dixon Hargrave was born in this county September 6, 1865; his father, John C. Hargrave, was born in this county in 1839; the maiden name of his mother was Sarah Gibbs, a daughter of David and Margaret Gibbs, who were also early settlers. A sketch of Benjamin Hargrave, the grandfather of Dixon, will be found in the history of Jackson township.

Mr. Burg is a proper representative of the energetic young business men of Chillicothe, which element has done and is doing so much for the advancement of the material interests of the city. He is the senior member of the firm of H. Burg & Co., of the Palace of Fashion, the leading millinery house in this quarter of the State, and is the proprietor of the well kept and popular Silver Moon Restaurant. He is a native of Chillicothe, born December 25, 1859. His parents, Herman Burg, Sr. and Catherine Wallbrunn, were born in Germany. In 1857 the senior Burg came to Chillicothe and was engaged in business with his brother-in-law, Daniel Wallbrunn, until his death, in 1859. Some years after his widow married Mr. Louis Ritter, who met his death near Brookfield, Mo., November 27, 1870, by being thrown from the cars on the Hannibal and St. Joseph Railroad. He left two daughters: Bertha and Hettie, both now amiable and accomplished young ladies. When 9 years; of age Herman Burg was sent to school at Youngstown, O., where he returned some years, going thence to Philadelphia, where he completed his education. He received thorough and careful training with the object of fitting himself for a mercantile experience, and in 1876 returned to Chillicothe and for a time was engaged as a traveling salesman. In 1882, in connection with his cousin, Joseph Wallbrunn, he established the Palace of Fashion, a wholesale and retail millinery and ladies' furnishing goods emporium, one of the best appointed and most attractive establishments of the kind in Northern Missouri. The firm carries a large and varied stock, and receives a most liberal share of public favor. In 1884 he opened the well known dining hall and confectionery store called the Silver Moon Restaurant. Although a young man, Herman Burg has long been recognized as identified with the business interests of the city, and has taken an active part in every measure of enterprise for its good. Public spirited, liberal minded and generous in disposition, and active, energetic and intelligent by nature, his career has been successful and honorable, and his future is full of promise.

William Yarnell Slack was born in Mason county, Ky., August 1, 1816. His father, John Slack, was a native of Pennsylvania, and his mother, Jane Caldwell, a native of Virginia. In 1819 John Slack removed from Kentucky to Missouri, settling in what is now the western or northwestern portion of Boone county, then Howard. He was a potter by trade, and was the first justice of the peace in his township. His fellow-citizens regarded him with great esteem, as a man of sober, sound judgment and high character.

Wm. Y. Slack received a common school education, and in early life began the study of law under Hon. J. B. Gordon, at Columbia, where he was admitted to the bar. At that time Columbia was well supplied with first-class lawyers, and young Slack concluded to locate in one of the new counties. In March, 1839, when but 22 years of age, he came to Livingston county and settled at Chillicothe, which locality was ever afterward his home. In April, 1839, he was admitted to practice in the circuit court of this county, and at once entered on a career of success and distinction. Business came to him unsolicited. His strong good sense, his knowledge of human nature, his calm conservatism, and his genuine legal ability were soon perceived, and be gained the general confidence of the people. In time it came about that he was engaged on one side of every important legal controversy in Livingston county, and his counsel and assistance were sought in the other counties of this judicial circuit. In 1842 he was elected as a Democrat to represent this county in the State Legislature, and served in the 12th General Assembly. Although a strong partisan and after a time a prominent politician, known throughout the State, his political "work" was afterwards not employed in his own behalf. He preferred the success of his party and the preferment of other of its deserving members to his own political advancement. Time and again he declined to be a candidate for office, when his election was certain, alleging that he could not do so without neglecting the interests of his clients. Yet he found time to attend nearly every State and Congressional convention of his party, and to make speeches in every campaign for its principles and its candidates. In 1845 he was elected, practically without opposition, a member of the State Constitutional Convention. In 1859 he was a candidate against his own wishes for circuit judge, but was defeated by a small majority by Col. J. B. McFerran, another Democrat. In every great public emergency, Wm. Y. Slack was a patriot. Selfish and personal considerations were laid aside when the question of duty was presented. Upon the breaking out of the Mexican War he at once declared himself a volunteer for the cause of his country. In a public meeting at Chillicothe, after war had been declared, he said: "It is too late now to dismiss the question whether or not the war could have been avoided. It is enough for us to know that it is upon us. Our country has declared war, and I am for my country, gentlemen, first, last, and all the time." Upon the organization of the Livingston county company of volunteers he was made its captain and at once led it to the field. The service and history of this company (Co. L. 2d Missouri mounted volunteers), are detailed elsewhere (see Chapter IV.), and need not here be described. Giving up a lucrative and growing practice, Capt. Slack served his full time as a soldier faithfully and well. Assuaging no airs and taking upon himself no unwarranted assumptions, he was at the same time a strict disciplinarian, kept his men well in hand, and would neither allow them to be imposed upon or to impose upon others. Of great personal courage, presence of mind, and evident ability, he gained the esteem and commence of Gen. Price and his other superior officers, and held to the last the admiration and affection of his men. He came out of the war with additional reputation and character. In time Capt. Slack came to be the leading citizen of Livingston county - not the wealthiest by any means - but standing first in public estimation in influence, in knowledge of men and affairs, in experience, in judgment and discrimination. His opinion was sought and his counsel heeded in nearly every question of a public nature and in hundreds of private affairs. He was appealed to in church quarrels, in personal differences, in business controversies, and for years the county court rarely built a bridge, laid out a road, or expended a dollar without first obtaining his opinion as to the validity or expediency of the action. Of a kindly, generous nature, Wm. Y. Slack was not the kind of a man to acquire great wealth. So many of his services were given gratuitously that he obtained a respectable competency in spite of himself. Many opportunities for speculation presented themselves in the early history of the county, but he would not take advantage of them. All of his business transactions would bear the strictest scrutiny. His name was never spoken of in connection with any scheme of doubtful propriety. He was suspicioned of no participation in any "job," and his high integrity and purity of character were never assailed. Of personal enemies he had the fewest possible number.

Every enterprise of a public nature for the general welfare found in him a warm advocate. He was an enthusiastic friend of the Hannibal Railroad, and performed much work in its aid. He believed in churches and schools, in books and newspapers, in whatever tended to benefit and enlighten society and improve the general condition of his town, his county, his State and his country.

In 1860 he was a candidate for Presidential elector on the Breckinridge and Lane ticket. He had long been identified with the "Southern Rights" wing of the Democratic party, opposed Douglas and "squatter sovereignty," believed that the slaveholding States had suffered many wrongs and indignities, and that their interests would be greatly conserved by the election of the candidates of that party. He canvassed the district, making many able and earnest addresses. So great was his influence with the Democrats of his own county that Livingston gave a larger vote for Breckinridge than any other county in Northwest Missouri, Buchanan excepted.

After the Presidential election he saw clearly, and was willing at all times to acknowledge, that civil war was inevitable, and from the first announced that when the time came he would certainly go with the South. Yet at no time was he a "fire-eater," nor an irreconcilable. He opposed all violent and inflammatory proceedings, discussed the situation temperately, argued his views calmly and with dimity, and counseled the most careful and considerate action. Believing that the war ought to have been averted, he also believed that it could not now be prevented.

May 18, 1861, chief upon the recommendation of Gen. Price, who always admired him, Gov. Jackson appointed Capt. Slack brigadier general of the 4th division of the Missouri State Guard. As detailed elsewhere he at once set to work to put his division in order against the day of battle. With no military chest, no ordnance to quartermaster's department, no commissariat, this was no easy task, but his success was excellent. His chief efforts were to convert the people from Unionists to Secessionists, and in this he accomplished a great deal.

As mentioned elsewhere, on the night of June 14, 1861, the Federal troops arrived in Lexington. The same day Gen. Lyon moved from St. Louis against Gov. Jackson at Jefferson City; on the 16th was fought the engagement at Boonville, and on this day Gen. Slack left the forks of Grand river with his small division for Lexington. Here on the 18th Gen. Price arrived, and soon after Gen. Rains' and Gen. Slack's division, under the former, set out for Southwest Missouri. At this time Slack's division numbered about 500 mounted men under Col. Rives, and 700 infantry under Col. John T. Hughes and J. C. C. Thornton.

Gen. Slack bore a prominent part in the battles of Carthage and Wilson's Creek. In the latter engagement, as elsewhere described, he was wounded nigh unto death. Kind and skillful hands ministered to him until his faithful and devoted wife reached him, after accomplishing a toilsome and perilous journey in a carriage from Paris, Monroe county, to Springfield. Mainly from her care and nursing and the skillful treatment of his old family physician and then military surgeon, Dr. Wm. Keith, he recovered in less than two months so as to resume command of his division. Though not able to go north with the array under Gen. Price when it moved from Springfield against the Federals on the Missouri, he set out in an ambulance as soon as it was at all permitted him to do so, accompanied by his wife and Dr. Keith, and arrived at Lexington the day after Mulligan's surrender. He received a great ovation from his troops.

He took command of his division October 11, following, and remained with it throughout the fall and winter campaign in Southwest Missouri. When the troops of thy Missouri State Guard were being mustered into the Confederate States' service he used great efforts to induce his men to join it, and nearly all did so. January 23, 1862, he was placed in command of the 2d brigade of Missouri Confederate volunteers, composed of Cols. Bevier's and Rosser's battalions of infantry, Capts. Lucas' and Landis' batteries of artillery, Col. McCullough's battalion of cavalry, together with Hughes' battalion, Gause's battalion and some other battalions, companies and squads.

Early in the desperate battle of Pea Ridge, or Elkhorn Tavern, Ark., March 7, 1862, Gen. Slack was mortally wounded, at the head of his brigade, and while placing it in position. The ball which struck him entered an inch shove the old wound received at Wilson's Creek - in the right hip, ranging downward, producing paralysis of the urinary organs, which resulted in inflammation and gangrene. He was caught by his aide-de-camp, Col. Scott, when about to fall from his horse, and with the assistance of others carefully conveyed in an ambulance to a house in Sugar Hollow, where his wound was skillfully dressed by the brigade surgeon, Dr. Peter Austin. The next day when the Confederates retreated, he was conveyed to Andrew Roller's, east of the battle ground; accompanied by Maj. Cravens, Dr. Keith and Sergt. Street. Here he remained until the 16th, when, afraid of capture, he was removed seven miles further away from the field, to Moore's Mills, where he rapidly grew worse, and at 3 a. m., Thursday, March 20th, he breathed his last. The next morning he was buried eight miles east of the battle field. In the spring of 1880 his remains were removed to the Confederate cemetery at Fayetteville, Ark., where they yet lie.

Gen. Slack was twice married. His first wife was Mary E. Woodward, daughter of Maj. Woodward, of Ray county, Mo. To her he was married in July, 1842, and she died February 9, 1858, leaving two children - John W., and Emma, the latter becoming Mrs. Vaughn -both of whom are dead, January 12, 1859, the General married Isabella R., a daughter of Dr. Gustavus M. Bower, of Monroe county, Mo.

Mrs. Slack, is a native of Kentucky, but came to Monroe county at an early age. Her father was a surgeon in the American army in the War of 1812, and was at the battle and massacre on the River Raisin, in Michigan, where he was taken prisoner by the British and Indians and narrowly escaped with his life. He was a thorough gentleman, a man of culture, education and ability and attained rare prominence and distinction. In 1844 he was elected to congress from Missouri and served one term very acceptably and faithfully.

By the last wife Gen. Slack had two children, Wm. Y., Jr., and Gustavus Bower; the latter was born December 11, 1861, and never saw his father. Wm. Y. Slack, Jr., was born in Chillicothe, July 28, 1860, and still claims his citizenship here. In 1877 he received, after a competitive examination, the appointment of cadet at the United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, Md. After a stay of three years at this institution he decided not to enter the naval service, having no desire for a life on the ocean wave after he learned what it meant, and so he resigned before graduating and returned home with a splendid record made at the Naval school for scholarship and general efficiency. Returning to Chillicothe he studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1882, and soon after was appointed justice of the peace, to which office he was afterward elected. In 1885 he was appointed postal clerk on the Wabash Railway which position he is now filling with marked ability. Gustavus B. Slack was educated at La Grange College, and after leaving school was for some time a clerk, then a commercial traveler or drummer, and has also followed railroading to some extent.

The widow of Gen. Slack lives in his old home at Chillicothe. A lady of intelligence, accomplishment and refinement, and withal of deep and sincere piety, she is admired and beloved by all who know her.

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